Subacute oral toxicity study of ethanolic leaves extracts of Strobilanthes crispus in rats

Lim, Kean Tatt; Lim, Vuanghao; Chin, Jin Han

doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60005-2

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…crispus ethanol extract showed no clinical signs of toxicity in the experimental animals [ 39 ]. This was further supported by the study of Lim et al , [ 33 ] whereby rats repeatedly administered with the ethanol extract of the plant (up to 600 mg/kg body weight) displayed no significant effect on normal liver and kidney functions. S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Anti-Tumor Action, Clinical Biochemistry Profile and Phytochemical Constituents of a Pharmacologically Active Fraction of S. crispus in NMU-Induced Rat Mammary Tumour Model

et al. 2015

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Cancer patients seek alternative remedies such as traditional medicinal plants for safe and effective treatment and help overcome the side effects of conventional therapy. Current knowledge indicates that extracts of Strobilanthes crispus of the Acanthaceae family exhibit potent anticancer properties in vitro and are non-toxic in vivo. S. crispus was also reported to be protective against chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. We previously showed that a bioactive fraction of S. crispus leaves also synergized with tamoxifen to cause apoptosis of human breast cancer cell lines without damaging non-malignant epithelial cells. The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effect of S. crispus dichloromethane fraction (F3) using N-methyl-N-Nitrosourea (NMU)-induced rat mammary tumor model. Tumor regression was observed in 75% of the rats following 8-week oral administration of F3 with no secondary tumour formation and no signs of anemia or infection. However, no improvement in the liver and renal function profiles was observed. Major constituents of F3 were identified as lutein, 131-hydroxy-132-oxo-pheophytin a, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, pheophytin a and 132-hydroxy-pheophytin a. These compounds however, may not significantly contribute to the antitumor effect of F3.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Acute oral toxicity studies using crude ethanol extract and juice of S . crispus leaves, indicated that doses of up to 600 mg/kg [ 33 ] and 4,900 mg/kg [ 34 ] body weight respectively, were not toxic to female Sprague Dawley rats. In the present study tumor-bearing rats were treated with 40 mg/kg body weight of F3 for eight weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Tumor Action, Clinical Biochemistry Profile and Phytochemical Constituents of a Pharmacologically Active Fraction of S. crispus in NMU-Induced Rat Mammary Tumour Model

et al. 2015

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“…SD rats (aged 8-10 weeks) were used for the insect repellent tests. The rats were kept at the Animal Research Facility, IPPT, USM under standard laboratory conditions for animals [temperature: 25 ± 2 • C; relative humidity (RH): 55 ± 5%], with food and water provided and bedding replacement three times per week (Lim et al, 2012).…”

Section: Animal Ethics and Preparation Of Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Nutmeg Oil-Loaded Nanoemulsion as Phyto-Repellent

et al. 2020

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Plant essential oils are widely used in perfumes and insect repellent products. However, due to the high volatility of the constituents in essential oils, their efficacy as a repellent product is less effective than that of synthetic compounds. Using a nanoemulsion as a carrier is one way to overcome this disadvantage of essential oils. Nutmeg oil-loaded nanoemulsion (NT) was prepared using a high speed homogenizer and sonicator with varying amounts of surfactant, glycerol, and distilled water. Using a phase diagram, different formulations were tested for their droplet size and insect repellent activity. The nanoemulsion containing 6.25% surfactant and 91.25% glycerol (NT 6) had the highest percentage of protection (87.81%) in terms of repellent activity among the formulations tested for the 8 h duration of the experiment. The droplet size of NT 6 was 217.4 nm, and its polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.248. The zeta potential value was-44.2 mV, and the viscosity was 2.49 Pa.s at pH 5.6. The in vitro release profile was 71.5%. When the cytotoxicity of NT 6 at 400 µg/mL was tested using the MTS assay, cell viability was 97.38%. Physical appearance and stability of the nanoemulsion improved with the addition of glycerol as a co-solvent. In summary, a nutmeg oil-loaded nanoemulsion was successfully formulated and its controlled release of the essential oil showed mosquito repellent activity, thus eliminating the disadvantages of essential oils.

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“…However, these statistically significant findings were not considered to be test material-related because they were within normal biological variability. In the toxicological research, liver and kidney are the two most important target organs since most of the drugs undergo many interactions such as hepatic metabolism and renal excretion following the oral administration [ 27 28 ]. Serum levels of creatinine and BUN were used as the primary indicators for kidney function [ 29 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical safety assessment ofAngelica acutilobausing a 13-week repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats

et al. 2017

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Angelica acutiloba (AA), a Japanese species of Danggui, has been used worldwide as a traditional herbal medicine with several bioactivities including anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-obesity. However, there is lack of toxicological data available to evaluate potential long-term toxicity and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of AA extract in accordance with the test guidelines published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In the 14-day repeat-dose toxicity study, no adverse effects on mortality, body weight change, clinical signs, and organ weights was found following repeat oral administration to rats for 14 days (125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight), leading that 2000 mg/kg is the highest recommended dose of AA extract for the 13-week repeat-dose oral toxicity study. In the 13-week repeat-dose oral toxicity study, the AA extract was orally administered to groups of rats for 13 weeks (125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight) to compare between control and AA extract groups. The administration of AA extract did not produce mortality or remarkable clinical signs during this 13-week study. And, the data revealed that there were no significant differences in food/water consumption, body weight, hematological parameters, clinical chemistry parameters, gross macroscopic findings, organ weight and histopathology in comparison to the control group. On the basis of these results, the subchronic NOAEL of the AA extract was more than 2000 mg/kg/day when tested in rats. And, the AA extract is considered safe to use orally as a traditional herbal medicine.

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Subacute oral toxicity study of ethanolic leaves extracts of Strobilanthes crispus in rats

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Anti-Tumor Action, Clinical Biochemistry Profile and Phytochemical Constituents of a Pharmacologically Active Fraction of S. crispus in NMU-Induced Rat Mammary Tumour Model

Anti-Tumor Action, Clinical Biochemistry Profile and Phytochemical Constituents of a Pharmacologically Active Fraction of S. crispus in NMU-Induced Rat Mammary Tumour Model

Biocompatible Nutmeg Oil-Loaded Nanoemulsion as Phyto-Repellent

Preclinical safety assessment ofAngelica acutilobausing a 13-week repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats

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