Subaqueous lava flow lobes, observed on ROV KAIKO dives off Hawaii

Umino, Susumu; Lipman, Peter W.; Obata, Sumie

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<503:slfloo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…On modern fastspreading ridges, such topography does not normally develop until 5 to 10 km from the axis (28 sheet and massive flows, and minor pillow flows. Subvertical, elongate, flow-top fractures filled with quenched glass and hyaloclastite in these lavas indicate flow lobe inflation requiring eruption onto a subhorizontal surface off axis (29). Thus, we estimate a total thickness of off-axis lavas of 284 m, close to the assumed thickness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Drilling to Gabbro in Intact Ocean Crust

Wilson

Teagle

Alt

et al. 2006

Science

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Sampling an intact sequence of oceanic crust through lavas, dikes, and gabbros is necessary to advance the understanding of the formation and evolution of crust formed at mid-ocean ridges, but it has been an elusive goal of scientific ocean drilling for decades. Recent drilling in the eastern Pacific Ocean in Hole 1256D reached gabbro within seismic layer 2, 1157 meters into crust formed at a superfast spreading rate. The gabbros are the crystallized melt lenses that formed beneath a mid-ocean ridge. The depth at which gabbro was reached confirms predictions extrapolated from seismic experiments at modern mid-ocean ridges: Melt lenses occur at shallower depths at faster spreading rates. The gabbros intrude metamorphosed sheeted dikes and have compositions similar to the overlying lavas, precluding formation of the cumulate lower oceanic crust from melt lenses so far penetrated by Hole 1256D

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mentioning

confidence: 68%

Drilling to Gabbro in Intact Ocean Crust

Wilson

Teagle

Alt

et al. 2006

Science

Self Cite

241

255

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“…The lava sequence immediately below includes sheet and massive flows and minor pillow flows. Subvertical, elongate flow-top fractures filled with quenched glass and hyaloclastite in these lavas indicate flow lobe inflation requiring cooling on a subhorizontal surface off-axis (Umino et al, 2000). From this shipboard evidence, a total thickness of 284 m of lava that flowed and cooled off-axis was estimated (Table T1).…”

Section: Headline Results From Previous Drilling At Site 1256: Odp Lementioning

confidence: 99%

Expedition 335 summary

Teagle¹,

Ildefonse²,

Blum³

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the IODP

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“…The submarine lava shows various surface forms depending on the physical and chemical property of magma, effusion rate, and local surface morphology (Griffiths and Fink 1992;Fink and Griffiths 1998;Umino et al 2000; Tominaga and Umino 2010). Pillow lavas display bulbous, spherical, or elongate tubular patterns and sheet flows exhibit smooth, lobate, rippled, wrinkled, ropy, whorly, hackly, or jumbled configurations (Fox et al 1998;Gregg and Fink 1995;Kennish and Lutz 1998;Fundis et al 2010).…”

Section: Visual Observation Using the Mannedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Volcanic Activity: AUV and Submersible Observations of Fine-Scale Lava Flow Distributions Along the Southern Mariana Trough Spreading Axis

Asada

Yoshikawa

Mochizuki

et al. 2014

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems

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A high-resolution acoustic investigation using the AUV Urashima has revealed detailed volcanic and tectonic features along the neo-volcanic zone of the intermediate-rate spreading Southern Mariana Trough, where the high magma flux forms fast-spreading type axial high morphology. Side-scan sonar imagery suggests that the survey area mainly consists of two types of terrain: high-backscattering lumpy terrain occupies the majority of the neovolcanic zone, and low-backscattering terrain is scattered over the entire area to form various bathymetric features. Visual observations by the submersible Shinkai 6500 show that the former corresponds to bulbous pillow lava and the latter to jumbled or wrinkled sheet lavas. The estimated proportion of sheet lava with respect to study area is approximately 10 %. Pillow lavas are flatly distributed and do not form the pillow mounds that are common in the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Furthermore, we did not observe any pillars, collapse features, or axial summit troughs, all of which are frequently reported in the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise.

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Subaqueous lava flow lobes, observed on ROV KAIKO dives off Hawaii

Cited by 41 publications

References 18 publications

Drilling to Gabbro in Intact Ocean Crust

Drilling to Gabbro in Intact Ocean Crust

Expedition 335 summary

Examination of Volcanic Activity: AUV and Submersible Observations of Fine-Scale Lava Flow Distributions Along the Southern Mariana Trough Spreading Axis

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