Subarctic atmospheric aerosol composition: 3. Measured and modeled properties of cloud condensation nuclei

Kammermann, L.; Gysel, M.; Weingärtner, E.; Herich, Hanna; Cziczo, D. J.; Holst, Thomas; Svenningsson, Birgitta; Arneth, Almut; Baltensperger, Urs

doi:10.1029/2009jd012447

Cited by 91 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Values for SS = 0.1 % are calculated using the unfiltered data that cover the entire measurement period, whereas the values for SS = 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 % are calculated using the filtered data of periods 1, 2 and 3. to indicate a higher organic fraction in these environments. Particularly for Kammermann et al (2010), the lowest values can be explained by the local proximity to the Stordalen mire, which is known to emit biogenic precursors of organic aerosol particles. In a modelling study by Pringle et al (2010), the annual mean κ values at the surface in the region around Tuktoyaktuk were approximately 0.3.…”

Section: Critical Diameter D Crit and Hygroscopicity Parameter κmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summarizing, it can be stated that our observed κ values show no significant dependencies on the SS or the air mass origin that can be resolved with our setup and method. Kammermann et al (2010) (b) Probability density function for κ values at SS = 0.1 % (inferred from the unfiltered CCN and PNSD data of Fig. 4).…”

Section: Critical Diameter D Crit and Hygroscopicity Parameter κmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurements of aerosol and CCN properties in the Mackenzie River delta (Canadian Arctic) during spring–summer transition in May 2014

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Within the framework of the RACEPAC (Radiation-Aerosol-Cloud Experiment in the Arctic Circle) project, the Arctic aerosol, arriving at a ground-based station in Tuktoyaktuk (Mackenzie River delta area, Canada), was characterized during a period of 3 weeks in May 2014. Basic meteorological parameters and particle number size distributions (PNSDs) were observed and two distinct types of air masses were found. One type were typical Arctic haze air masses, termed accumulation-type air masses, characterized by a monomodal PNSD with a pronounced accumulation mode at sizes above 100 nm. These air masses were observed during a period when back trajectories indicate an air mass origin in the north-east of Canada. The other air mass type is characterized by a bimodal PNSD with a clear minimum around 90 nm and with an Aitken mode consisting of freshly formed aerosol particles. Back trajectories indicate that these air masses, termed Aitken-type air masses, originated from the North Pacific. In addition, the application of the PSCF receptor model shows that air masses with their origin in active fire areas in central Canada and Siberia, in areas of industrial anthropogenic pollution (Norilsk and Prudhoe Bay Oil Field) and the north-west Pacific have enhanced total particle number concentrations (N CN ). Generally, N CN ranged from 20 to 500 cm −3 , while cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations were found to cover a range from less than 10 up to 250 cm −3 for a supersaturation (SS) between 0.1 and 0.7 %. The hygroscopicity parameter κ of the CCN was determined to be 0.23 on average and variations in κ were largely attributed to measurement uncertainties.Furthermore, simultaneous PNSD measurements at the ground station and on the Polar 6 research aircraft were performed. We found a good agreement of ground-based PNSDs with those measured between 200 and 1200 m. During two of the four overflights, particle number concentrations at 3000 m were found to be up to 20 times higher than those measured below 2000 m; for one of these two flights, PNSDs measured above 2000 m showed a different shape than those measured at lower altitudes. This is indicative of long-range transport from lower latitudes into the Arctic that can advect aerosol from different regions in different heights.

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Section: Critical Diameter D Crit and Hygroscopicity Parameter κmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Diameter D Crit and Hygroscopicity Parameter κmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of aerosol and CCN properties in the Mackenzie River delta (Canadian Arctic) during spring–summer transition in May 2014

et al. 2018

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“…1) assuming the surface tension of pure water (Petters and Kreidenweis, 2007;Rose et al, 2008). Due to the surface tension of actual cloud droplets being lower than that of pure water droplets (Facchini et al, 2000), this assumption, although commonly used, typically leads to an overestimation of the N CCN (Kammermann et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthesis of cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) measurements within the EUCAARI network

et al. 2015

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Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. M. Paramonov et al.: A synthesis of CCNC measurements within the EUCAARI networkAbstract. Cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) measurements performed at 14 locations around the world within the European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) framework have been analysed and discussed with respect to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation and hygroscopic properties of the atmospheric aerosol. The annual mean ratio of activated cloud condensation nuclei (N CCN ) to the total number concentration of particles (N CN ), known as the activated fraction A, shows a similar functional dependence on supersaturation S at many locations -exceptions to this being certain marine locations, a free troposphere site and background sites in south-west Germany and northern Finland. The use of total number concentration of particles above 50 and 100 nm diameter when calculating the activated fractions (A 50 and A 100 , respectively) renders a much more stable dependence of A on S; A 50 and A 100 also reveal the effect of the size distribution on CCN activation. With respect to chemical composition, it was found that the hygroscopicity of aerosol particles as a function of size differs among locations. The hygroscopicity parameter κ decreased with an increasing size at a continental site in south-west Germany and fluctuated without any particular size dependence across the observed size range in the remote tropical North Atlantic and rural central Hungary. At all other locations κ increased with size. In fact, in Hyytiälä, Vavihill, Jungfraujoch and Pallas the difference in hygroscopicity between Aitken and accumulation mode aerosol was statistically significant at the 5 % significance level. In a boreal environment the assumption of a size-independent κ can lead to a potentially substantial overestimation of N CCN at S levels above 0.6 %. The same is true for other locations where κ was found to increase with size. While detailed information about aerosol hygroscopicity can significantly improve the prediction of N CCN , total aerosol number concentration and aerosol size distribution remain more important parameters. The seasonal and diurnal patterns of CCN activation and hygroscopic properties vary among three long-term locations, highlighting the spatial and temporal variability of potential aerosol-cloud interactions in various environments.

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“…The HTDMA growth factor distributions showed a certain level of external mixture at the larger dry sizes (75 and 110 nm), and this was more pronounced in wintertime. Kammermann et al (2010) performed a detailed analysis of different methods of predicting the CCN number from HT-DMA and SMPS data, and found that ignoring the growth factor distribution and only using the average growth factor did not have a noticeable influence on the agreement. Additionally, as the growth factors were only measured at discrete dry sizes which were not equal to the d crit , the external mixture may have been implied incorrectly, causing artefacts to the data.…”

Section: Comparison Of D Crit From the Ccn Concentration And Hygroscomentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of CCN concentrations and aerosol activation properties in boreal forest

et al. 2011

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Abstract. As a part of EUCAARI activities, the annual cycle of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and critical diameter for cloud droplet activation as a function of supersaturation were measured using a CCN counter and a HTDMA (hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer) at SMEAR II station, Hyytiälä, Finland. The critical diameters for CCN activation were estimated from (i) the measured CCN concentration and particle size distribution data, and (ii) the hygroscopic growth factors by applying κ-Köhler theory, in both cases assuming an internally mixed aerosol. The critical diameters derived by these two methods were in good agreement with each other. The effect of new particle formation on the diurnal variation of CCN concentration and critical diameters was studied. New particle formation was observed to increase the CCN concentrations by 70-110 %, depending on the supersaturation level. The average value for the κ-parameter determined from hygroscopicity measurements was κ = 0.18 and it predicted well the CCN activation in boreal forest conditions in Hyytiälä. The derived critical diameters and κ-parameter confirm earlier findings with other methods, that aerosol particles at CCN sizes in Hyytiälä are mostly organic, but contain also more hygrosopic, probably inorganic salts like ammonium sulphate, making the particles more CCN active than pure secondary organic aerosol.

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Subarctic atmospheric aerosol composition: 3. Measured and modeled properties of cloud condensation nuclei

Cited by 91 publications

References 71 publications

Measurements of aerosol and CCN properties in the Mackenzie River delta (Canadian Arctic) during spring–summer transition in May 2014

Measurements of aerosol and CCN properties in the Mackenzie River delta (Canadian Arctic) during spring–summer transition in May 2014

A synthesis of cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) measurements within the EUCAARI network

Seasonal variation of CCN concentrations and aerosol activation properties in boreal forest

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