Subcategorization and syntax-based theta-role assignment

Abstract

Classic problems of how to generalize over predicate-argument relations (e.g., buy vs. sell; spray paint vs. spray a wall) have led to postulating semantic representations which are structured differently than deep syntax, such as (linked) theta grids and (lexical) conceptual structures. I argue that such autonomous semantics massively violates parsimony, and that theta-roles are better predicted by using only modestly enhanced, independently justified deep structures. In addition, I claim that several recent generalizations (of Rizzi, Levin and Rappaport, and Randall) are better formulated as deep syntactic properties than in terms of theta-roles.This syntactic approach to predicate-argument relations thus reinitiates a line of research implicit in Chomsky's Aspects but never developed. The first section argues that only this approach faithfully applies the syntactic revolution to lexical (headcomplement) semantics. Principles invoked include Chomsky's Full Interpretation and Rule for Agents and Talmy's Figure/Ground separation, along with a new Ground Specification and syntactic counterparts to two formal devices from Jackendoff's Conceptual Structures. The thematic role constellations for many verb classes (mostly but not all from English) are shown to follow from these principles. The conclusion speculates that the theta-roles assigned to a sentence are not its properties at a linguistic level, but rather indicate how that sentence is to modify cognitive representations.

Representing argument structure

“…(2) (a) [ The sentences above are each prefixed with their respective subcategorization frame, represented in the notation originally proposed by Emonds (1991). The lines in this notation indicate the position of the verb, and the NP and PP indicate the syntactic category of the complements.…”

Semantics-syntax correspondences in second language acquisition

“…II Semantic structure in English and Chinese 1 A decompositional theory of word meanings'o As discussed above, the early version of theta theory (Chomsky, 1981a) is inadequate to capture the intricacies of semantics-syntax correspondences, or the fact that children acquire the semanticssyntax correspondences with relative ease (Jackendoff, 1987;Dowty, 1991;Emonds, 1991;Hale and Keyser, 1992;1993). Researchers seem to be reaching a consensus that a decompositional theory of word meanings is needed to account for meaningsyntax correspondences (Pinker, 1989;Jackendoff, 1990;Talmy, 1985;.&dquo; A 'decompositional' theory means that word meanings, even morphologically simple ones, are composed of smaller 'abstract' meaning components.…”

Prepositions and Minimalist Case Marking

“…Talmy (1985) and Carter (1988) have observed an important difference between Romance and Germanic with respect to the interpretation of PPs headed by prepositions such as under, in, and behind. Germanic languages allow for both a directional and a locative interpretation of such PPs, whereas Romance allows only for the locative interpretation (see also Emonds 1991). English (42b) has a directional interpretation which is impossible for its French counterpart (42a):…”