Subcellular distribution, chemical forms of cadmium and rhizosphere microbial community in the process of cadmium hyperaccumulation in duckweed

Zheng, Meng-Meng; Feng, Dan; Liu, Hui-Jiao; Yang, Guobin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160389

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In fact, a handful of Wolffia species show Cd uptake in as little as 30 min from solution via apoplastic transport, which increases linearly with Cd concentration ( Boonyapookana et al , 2002 ; Xie et al , 2013 ). We therefore speculate that loss of roots could have reduced control of heavy metal uptake whilst, at the same time, root loss removes a potential mechanism of uptake and a storage compartment available to rooted species ( Verma and Suthar, 2015 ; Ma et al , 2023 ; Zheng et al , 2023 ). Wolffioideae perhaps evolved higher tolerance mechanisms to Cd toxicity, such as compartmentalization to vacuoles and complexation via conjugates ( Schreinemakers, 1986 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The evolution of the duckweed ionome mirrors losses in structural complexity

Smith,

Zhou,

Flis

et al. 2024

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims The duckweeds (Lemnaceae) consist of 36 species exhibiting impressive phenotypic variation, including the progressive evolutionary loss of a fundamental plant organ, the root. Loss of roots and reduction of vascular tissues in recently derived taxa occur in concert with genome expansions of up to 14-fold. Given the paired loss of roots and reduction in structural complexity in derived taxa, we focus on the evolution of the ionome (whole-plant elemental contents) in the context of these fundamental body plan changes. We expect that progressive vestigiality and eventual loss of roots may have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences which are hitherto unknown. Methods We quantify the ionomes of 34 accessions in 21 species across all duckweed genera, spanning 70 million years in this rapid cycling plant (doubling times are as rapid as ~24 hours (Lam & Michael, 2022)). We relate both micro- and macroevolutionary ionome contrasts to body plan remodelling and show nimble microevolutionary shifts in elemental accumulation and exclusion in novel accessions. Key Results We observe a robust directional trend in calcium and magnesium levels decreasing from the ancestral representative Spirodela genus towards the derived rootless Wolffia, with the latter also accumulating cadmium. We also identify abundant within-species variation and hyperaccumulators of specific elements, with this extensive variation at the fine – as opposed to broad – scale. Conclusions These data underscore the impact of root loss, and reveal the very fine scale of microevolutionary variation in hyperaccumulation and exclusion of a wide range of elements. Broadly, they may point to trade-offs not well recognized in ionomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The evolution of the duckweed ionome mirrors losses in structural complexity

Smith,

Zhou,

Flis

et al. 2024

Annals of Botany

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“…Plant cell walls are able to bind metal cations and a large number of heavy metals incorporated into plants were localized in the cell walls [ 2 , 46 , 47 ]. Therefore, plant cell walls function not only as a barrier limiting the penetration of heavy metals but also as a sink for the accumulation of heavy metals [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modification of Cell Wall Properties Is Involved in the Growth Inhibition of Rice Coleoptiles Induced by Lead Stress

Wakabayashi¹,

Soga²,

Hoson

et al. 2023

Life

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Lead (Pb) is a widespread heavy metal pollutant that interferes with plant growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of Pb on the mechanical and chemical properties of cell walls and on the growth of coleoptiles of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings grown in the air (on moistened filter paper) and underwater (submerged condition). Coleoptile growth of air-grown seedlings was reduced by 40% by the 3 mM Pb treatment, while that of water-grown ones was reduced by 50% by the 0.5 mM Pb. Although the effective concentration of Pb for growth inhibition of air-grown coleoptiles was much higher than that of water-grown ones, Pb treatment significantly decreased the mechanical extensibility of the cell wall in air- and water-grown coleoptiles, when it inhibited their growth. Among the chemical components of coleoptile cell walls, the amounts of cell wall polysaccharides per unit fresh weight and unit length of coleoptile, which represent the thickness of the cell wall, were significantly increased in response to the Pb treatment (3 mM and 0.5 mM Pb for air- and water-grown seedlings, respectively), while the levels of cell wall-bound diferulic acids (DFAs) and ferulic acids (FAs) slightly decreased. These results indicate that Pb treatment increased the thickness of the cell wall but not the phenolic acid-mediated cross-linking structures within the cell wall in air- and water-grown coleoptiles. The Pb-induced cell wall thickening probably causes the mechanical stiffening of the cell wall and thus decreases cell wall extensibility. Such modifications of cell wall properties may be associated with the inhibition of coleoptile growth. The results of this study provide a new finding that Pb-induced cell wall remodeling contributes to the regulation of plant growth under Pb stress conditions via the modification of the mechanical property of the cell wall.

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“…For instance, it has been discovered that root secretions and root cell walls interact with Cd to produce complexes or precipitates, which localizes Cd on the root epidermis or in the root cell walls and prevent it from injuring plant cells by further penetrating plant stems and leaves [25][26][27]. Zheng et al [28] found that as the time of Cadmium stress increased, duckweed distributed Cd in a less toxic HCl-extracted state and HAc-extracted state, mostly by retention in the root cell wall and sequestration in the leaf vacuoles, and is dynamically modified. Small molecules, such as phytochelatin (PC), metallothionein (MT), organic acids, and amino acids, form chelates with Cd 2+ in the cytoplasmic matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are then transported to the vacuole by transport proteins, which reduces their toxicity to the remainder of the plant [30][31][32][33][34]. In duckweed, it was observed that roots (2.05-95.52%) accumulated more Cd than leaves (0.14-16.98%) in the early stages of Cd stress and that Cd was transferred from roots (6.79~66.23%) to leaves (46.64~92.83%) with time [28]. Additionally, the translocation of Cd 2+ from the cytoplasm to the vesicles reduced damage by Cd 2+ to proteins in the cytoplasm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and Functional Analyses of Two Cadmium Hyper-Enriched Duckweed Strains Reveal Putative Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms

Yang

Huang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals in the environment and exerts deleterious effects on plant growth and production. Duckweed has been reported as a promising candidate for Cd phytoremediation. In this study, the growth, Cd enrichment, and antioxidant enzyme activity of duckweed were investigated. We found that both high-Cd-tolerance duckweed (HCD) and low-Cd-tolerance duckweed (LCD) strains exposed to Cd were hyper-enriched with Cd. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, a genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed. The results showed that the growth rate, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities of duckweed were significantly affected by Cd stress and differed between the two strains. In the genome-wide transcriptome analysis, the RNA-seq library generated 544,347,670 clean reads, and 1608 and 2045 differentially expressed genes were identified between HCD and LCD, respectively. The antioxidant system was significantly expressed during ribosomal biosynthesis in HCD but not in LCD. Fatty acid metabolism and ethanol production were significantly increased in LCD. Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism likely plays an important role in Cd detoxification in duckweed. These findings contribute to the understanding of Cd tolerance mechanisms in hyperaccumulator plants and lay the foundation for future phytoremediation studies.

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Subcellular distribution, chemical forms of cadmium and rhizosphere microbial community in the process of cadmium hyperaccumulation in duckweed

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

The evolution of the duckweed ionome mirrors losses in structural complexity

The evolution of the duckweed ionome mirrors losses in structural complexity

The Modification of Cell Wall Properties Is Involved in the Growth Inhibition of Rice Coleoptiles Induced by Lead Stress

Transcriptomic and Functional Analyses of Two Cadmium Hyper-Enriched Duckweed Strains Reveal Putative Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms

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