Subcellular distribution of hypothalamic prolactin-like immunoreactivity

Emanuele, Nicholas V.; Metcalfe, Lisa; Lubrano, Tina; Rubinstein, Herbert M.; Kirsteins, L.; Lawrence, A. M.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)91100-0

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In fact, consistent with electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry, prolactin like immunoreactivity could be localized to synaptosomes [14]. Following stimulation by potassium, a prolactin-like immunoreactive substance was released from hypotha lamic tissue in a calcium-dependent fashion, and could be demonstrated in hypophysectomized as well as in normal animals, indicating that the material released had not simply been taken up from the anterior pituitary [15].…”

Section: Prolactin Expression By Neuronssupporting

confidence: 54%

Prolactin, Central Nervous System and Behavior: A Critical Review

Dutt

Kaplitt²,

Kow³

et al. 1994

Neuroendocrinology

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Section: Prolactin Expression By Neuronssupporting

confidence: 54%

Prolactin, Central Nervous System and Behavior: A Critical Review

Dutt

Kaplitt²,

Kow³

et al. 1994

Neuroendocrinology

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“…We have demonstrated for the first time, utilizing immu nologic, chromatographic and biologic techniques, the pre sence of an immunoreactive and bioactive prolactin-like protein in the rat spinal cord, extending our previous stu dies of prolactin in the brain [17][18][19]. In preliminary stu dies, published in abstract, Shivers et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Presence of Prolactin-Like Immunoreactivity and Bioactivity in Rat Spinal Cord

Emanuele¹,

Azad²,

Luckey³

et al. 1989

Neuroendocrinology

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Pursuant to our identification of prolactin-like immunoreactivity (PLI), widely distributed in rat brain, the spinal cord was examined for the presence of this pituitary-hormone-like protein. PLI was present in all spinal cord extracts examined and averaged 500 ± 53 pg/mg protein. Hypophysectomy, causing a fall in serum prolactin to undetectable levels, was not associated with any change in levels of PLI in spinal cord. Recovery of rat prolactin standards added to spinal cord homogenates was 97.6 ± 3.9%. When increasing concentrations of spinal cord extract were assayed in a prolactin radioimmunoassay, displacement of rat ¹²⁵I-Prolactin from antiserum was parallel to that displacement produced by increasing concentrations of rat anterior pituitary standards. Upon subjection to gel permeation chromatography, the elution profiles of immunoreactive prolactin from spinal cord were different from the profiles of anterior pituitary prolactin. In addition to an immunoreactive prolactin peak eluting with pituitary prolactin, spinal cord extracts showed a large void volume peak and late eluting low-molecular-weight materials not seen with anterior pituitary. In the Nb₂ lymphoma cell assay, all spinal cord extracts demonstrated prolactin-like bioactivity with a bioactivity/immunoreactivity ratio of 1.05 ± 0.13. We conclude: (1) PLI, widely distributed in rat brain, is also present in spinal cord; (2) spinal cord prolactin levels are independent of levels in pituitary and peripheral circulation; (3) this immunoreactive prolactin is bioactive, and (4) differing gel permeation chromatographic elution profiles indicate that there may be some molecular differences between pituitary and spinal cord prolactin.

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“…The pattern of expression revealed by in situ hybridization histochemistry suggests possible roles for PRL in neurodevelopment and/or modulation of the neuroendocrine stress axis, although it is too early to rule out other possibilities given the diverse actions that have been attributed to PRL [39]. Thus, this study provides the foundation for further investigations into the function of the brain PRL system in sheep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subcellular fractionation and electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that hypothalamic PRL is present in nerve endings, thus suggesting a transsynaptic function [38, 39]. PRL receptors are expressed in hypothalamic and limbic areas innervated by PRL-immunoreactive fibers [12, 13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin Expression in the Sheep Brain

et al. 2008

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Accumulating evidence in rodents suggests that a prolactin locally synthesized and released within the brain can act together with that taken up from the circulation to modulate neuroendocrine responses. The present study was designed to identify the regional patterns of prolactin expression in the adult and developing sheep brain. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that prolactin is expressed in regions of the adult and fetal sheep brain that are critical in the development of neuroendocrine homeostatic and behavioral functions. The expression of prolactin protein in sheep brain was demonstrated by Western blot analysis and brain prolactin mRNA was detected and sequenced using RT-PCR. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that prolactin mRNA was expressed in the medial preoptic area, periventricular preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, particularly the ventral region. The neuroanatomical distribution of prolactin mRNA was best visualized in the fetus and prolactin-immunoreactive neurons could also be identified in late gestation fetuses. Brain prolactin mRNA was expressed as early as day 60 of gestation and increased as the fetus aged and peaked at day 135 (term = 147 days). Prolactin mRNA expression did not exhibit a sex difference in the preoptic area, but in the amygdala prolactin mRNA was significantly higher in females than in males at day 100 of gestation. We conclude that prolactin expressed in adult and fetal sheep brain could be involved in neurodevelopment and/or modulation of the neuroendocrine stress axis, although it is too early to rule out other possibilities given the diverse actions that have been attributed to prolactin.

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Subcellular distribution of hypothalamic prolactin-like immunoreactivity

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Prolactin, Central Nervous System and Behavior: A Critical Review

Prolactin, Central Nervous System and Behavior: A Critical Review

Presence of Prolactin-Like Immunoreactivity and Bioactivity in Rat Spinal Cord

Prolactin Expression in the Sheep Brain

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