Subcellular glucose exposure biases the spatial distribution of insulin granules in single pancreatic beta cells

Terao, Kyohei; Gel, Murat; Okonogi, Atsuhito; Fuke, Ariko; Okitsu, Teru; Tada, Takashi; Suzuki, Takao; Nagamatsu, Shinya; Washizu, Masao; Kotera, Hidetoshi

doi:10.1038/srep04123

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Exceptional sources of spin currents might be provided by single-molecule magnets [23] and topological superconductors being nowadays under intense investigation [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin current in junctions composed of multi-band superconductors with a spin-density wave

Moor¹,

Volkov²,

Efetov³

2015

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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We calculate a nondissipative spin current and show that it can flow with or without a charge current. We consider a two-band model which can be applied to the description of Fe-based pnictides in coexistence regime of superconductivity and spindensity wave. Using quasiclassical Green's functions approach and tunneling Hamiltonian method we show that there exists a possibility to switch off the Josephson current while leaving the spin current finite. Moreover, it is possible to have the critical Josephson current and the critical spin current being proportional to each other, thus giving a possibility to measure the spin current via the Josephson current. The underlying mechanism is the interfering hopping of electron-hole pairs between different bands of the superconductors composing the junction. This is an intrinsic property of the system and provides a unique and natural way to utilize junctions made solely of pnictides in promising applications in spintronics devices.

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“…Exceptional sources of spin currents might be provided by single-molecule magnets [23] and topological superconductors being nowadays under intense investigation [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin current in junctions composed of multi-band superconductors with a spin-density wave

Moor¹,

Volkov²,

Efetov³

2015

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…The ability to monitor Ca 2+ oscillation was also implemented to a microfluidic device able to deliver glucose to a restricted area of a single β-cell, confirming how glucose induces a shift in the spatial distribution of insulin granules within the subcellular portion in contact with the glucose flux. These experiments shed light on the intracellular changes undergone by pancreatic islets under different environments and clearly illustrated the feasibility of using microfluidics coupled with optical systems to study single islet metabolism [86].…”

Section: Interrogating β-Cell Function At a Single Islet Levelmentioning

confidence: 77%

Islet-on-a-chip for the study of pancreatic β-cell function

Rodríguez‐Comas

Ramón‐Azcón

2021

In vitro models

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Diabetes mellitus is a significant public health problem worldwide. It encompasses a group of chronic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from pancreatic islet dysfunction or as a consequence of insulin-producing β-cell death. Organ-on-a-chip platforms have emerged as technological systems combining cell biology, engineering, and biomaterial technological advances with microfluidics to recapitulate a specific organ’s physiological or pathophysiological environment. These devices offer a novel model for the screening of pharmaceutical agents and to study a particular disease. In the field of diabetes, a variety of microfluidic devices have been introduced to recreate native islet microenvironments and to understand pancreatic β-cell kinetics in vitro. This kind of platforms has been shown fundamental for the study of the islet function and to assess the quality of these islets for subsequent in vivo transplantation. However, islet physiological systems are still limited compared to other organs and tissues, evidencing the difficulty to study this “organ” and the need for further technological advances. In this review, we summarize the current state of islet-on-a-chip platforms that have been developed so far. We recapitulate the most relevant studies involving pancreatic islets and microfluidics, focusing on the molecular and cellular-scale activities that underlie pancreatic β-cell function.

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“…The amount of secreted insulin depends, among other factors, on the glucose concentration stimulating the β -cells (Kahn et al, 2006). Therefore, the prolonged exposure of β -cells to hyperglycemia in our study resulted in a chronic depletion of insulin, which in turn facilitated the uncontrolled escalation of glycemia levels from STZ-induced diabetes (Terao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In vitro experiments on single β -cells proved that glucose exposure induced a signal cascade to secrete insulin granules (Terao et al, 2014), according to a Ca 2+ -dependent mechanism (MacDonald et al, 2005). Since in vivo , the β -cells organizing islets are nonuniformly exposed to glucose, distribution of secretory vesicles within the cells is not uniform, and an intense rate of secretion toward the venous capillary occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Analysis of In Vivo Hypoglycemiant Effect of Two Polyoxometalates in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

et al. 2015

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Two polyoxometalates (POMs), synthesized through a self-assembling method, were used in the treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. One of these nanocompounds [tris(vanadyl)-substituted tungsto-antimonate(III)-anions—POM1] was previously described in the literature, whereas the second [tris-butyltin-21-tungsto-9-antimonate(III)-anions—POM2], was prepared by us based on our original formula. In rats with STZ-induced diabetes treated with POMs (up to a cumulative dose of 4 mg/kg bodyweight at the end of the treatments), statistically significant reduced levels of blood glucose were measured after 3 weeks, as compared with the diabetic control groups (DCGs). Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic β-cells (including the mean diameter of secretory vesicles and of their insulin granules) in the treated diabetic rats proved the POMs contribute to limitation of cellular degeneration triggered by STZ, as well as to the presence of increased amounts of insulin-containing vesicles as compared with the DCG. The two POMs also showed hepatoprotective properties when ultrastructural aspects of hepatocytes in the experimental groups of rats were studied. Based on our in vivo studies, we concluded that the two POMs tested achieved hypoglycemiant effects by preventing STZ-triggered apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells and stimulation of insulin synthesis.

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Subcellular glucose exposure biases the spatial distribution of insulin granules in single pancreatic beta cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Spin current in junctions composed of multi-band superconductors with a spin-density wave

Spin current in junctions composed of multi-band superconductors with a spin-density wave

Islet-on-a-chip for the study of pancreatic β-cell function

Ultrastructural Analysis of In Vivo Hypoglycemiant Effect of Two Polyoxometalates in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

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