Subchondral Bone Reaction Associated with Chondral Defect and Attempted Cartilage Repair in Goats

Vasara, Anna; Hyttinen, Marko; Lammi, Mikko J.; Lammi, Pirkko; Långsjö, Teemu K.; Lindahl, Anders; Peterson, Lars; Kellomäki, Minna; Konttinen, Yrjö T.; Helminen, Heikki J.; Kiviranta, Ilkka

doi:10.1007/s00223-002-2153-8

Cited by 58 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…At 3 weeks after implantation, there was no repair, with delamination of the periosteal flap. Instead, the defect was enlarged and filled with a fibrous-like tissue ( Figure 5B), possibly because of extensive subchondral bone remodeling, as reported previously (32). However, cartilage tissue was evident histologically at the margins of the defect ( Figure 5C).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Mesenchymal multipotency of adult human periosteal cells demonstrated by single‐cell lineage analysis

Bari¹,

Dell’Accio²,

Vanlauwe³

et al. 2006

Arthritis & Rheumatism

380

321

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Objective. To investigate whether periosteal cells from adult humans have features of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the single-cell level.Methods. Cell populations were enzymatically released from the periosteum of the proximal tibia obtained from adult human donors and then expanded in monolayer. Single-cell-derived clonal populations were obtained by limiting dilution. Culture-expanded periosteal cell populations were tested for their growth potential and for expression of conventional markers of MSCs and were subjected to in vitro assays to investigate their multilineage potential. To assess their multipotency in vivo, periosteal cells were injected into a regenerating mouse tibialis anterior muscle for skeletal myogenesis or were either seeded into an osteoinductive matrix and implanted subcutaneously into nude mice for osteogenesis or implanted in a joint surface defect under a periosteal flap into goats for chondrogenesis. Cell phenotypes were analyzed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry and by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction for the expression of lineagerelated marker genes.Results. Regardless of donor age, periosteal cells were clonogenic and could be expanded extensively in monolayer, maintaining linear growth curves over at least 30 population doublings. They displayed long telomeres and expressed markers of MSCs. Under specific conditions, both parental and single-cellderived clonal cell populations differentiated to the chondrocyte, osteoblast, adipocyte, and skeletal myocyte lineages in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion. Our study demonstrates that, regardless of donor age, the adult human periosteum contains cells that, upon enzymatic release and culture expansion, are multipotent MSCs at the single-cell level.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Mesenchymal multipotency of adult human periosteal cells demonstrated by single‐cell lineage analysis

Bari¹,

Dell’Accio²,

Vanlauwe³

et al. 2006

Arthritis & Rheumatism

380

321

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“…On the other hand, V V was lower at this time point. The repair tissue also lacked the normal zonal structure and properties of the control articular cartilage [Vasara et al, 2004[Vasara et al, , 2005[Vasara et al, , 2006. The properties of the collagen network at the 1-year time point indicate that the repair tissue was able to form more and thicker collagen fibrils but this was achieved at the cost of organization, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the surgical repair procedure, the debrided cartilage lesion is covered with a periosteal patch and the cultured chondrocytes are injected under the periosteal cover. This method has been tested in animal experiments [Brittberg et al, 1996;Breinan et al, 1997;Litzke et al, 2004;Vasara et al, 2004;Chiang et al, 2005] and is now in rather widespread use to repair cartilage defects in humans [Brittberg et al, 1994;Peterson et al, 2000;Mithöfer et al, 2005]. Clinical studies have reported a slow maturation of the repair tissue, but at present there is inadequate information about the quality of the collagen network within the repair zone [Vasara et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Collagen Network Structure and Fibril Dimensions in Cartilage Repair with Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation

Långsjö

Vasara

Hyttinen

et al. 2010

Cells Tissues Organs

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Objective: The aim of this study was to undertake a stereological analysis to quantify the dimensions of the collagen network in the repair tissue of porcine joints after they had been subjected to autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT). Method: ACT was used to repair cartilage lesions in knee joints of pigs. Electron-microscopic stereology, immunostaining for type II collagen, and quantitative polarized-light microscopy were utilized to study the collagen fibrils in the repair tissue 3 and 12 months after the operation. Results: The collagen volume density (V_V) was lower in the repair tissue than in normal cartilage at 3 months (20.4 vs. 23.7%) after the operation. The collagen surface density (S_V, 1.5·10^–2 vs. 3.1·10^–2 nm²/nm³) and V_V increased with time in the repair tissue (20.4 vs. 44.7%). Quantitative polarized-light microscopy detected a higher degree of collagen parallelism in the repair tissue at 3 months after the operation (55.7 vs. 49.7%). In contrast, 1 year after the operation, fibril parallelism was lower in the repair tissue than in the control cartilage (47.5 vs. 69.8%). Conclusion: Following ACT, V_V and S_V increased in the repair tissue with time, reflecting maturation of the tissue. One year after the operation, there was a lower level of fibril organization in the repair tissue than in the control cartilage. Thus, the newly synthesized collagen fibrils in the repair tissue appeared to form a denser network than in the control cartilage, but the fibrils remained more randomly oriented.

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Section: P Orth Et Al the Subchondral Bone In Cartilage Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As bone remodels in response to the increased load (Yokota et al, 2011), this response may be inappropriate, inducing either subchondral bone plate migration and intralesional osteophytes, e.g. by metaplasia of the deep layer of the articular cartilage (Shapiro et al, 1993), or impairment of the subchondral bone microarchitecture and the appearance of subchondral bone cysts (Gomoll et al, 2010b;Vasara et al, 2004).Interestingly, recent work has failed so far to reveal correlations between articular cartilage and subchondral bone repair (Orth et al, 2012a;Orth et al, 2013a), suggesting that both tissues may repair independently. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the subchondral bone in osteochondral repair – translational data and clinical evidence

Orth¹,

Cucchiarini²,

Kohn³

et al. 2013

eCM

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Alterations of the subchondral bone are pathological features associated with spontaneous osteochondral repair and with articular cartilage repair procedures. The aim of this review is to discuss their incidence, extent and relevance, focusing on recent knowledge gained from both translational models and clinical studies of articular cartilage repair. Efforts to unravel the complexity of subchondral bone alterations have identified (1) the upward migration of the subchondral bone plate, (2) the formation of intralesional osteophytes, (3) the appearance of subchondral bone cysts, and (4) the impairment of the osseous microarchitecture as potential problems. Their incidence and extent varies among the different small and large animal models of cartilage repair, operative principles, and over time. When placed in the context of recent clinical investigations, these deteriorations of the subchondral bone likely are an additional, previously underestimated factor that influences the long-term outcome of cartilage repair strategies. Understanding the role of the subchondral bone in both experimental and clinical articular cartilage repair thus holds great promise of being translated into further improved cell-or biomaterial-based techniques to preserve and restore the entire osteochondral unit. Keywords IntroductionA complete restoration of the osteochondral unit is the goal of all articular repair techniques (Brittberg et al., 1994; Johnson, 1986;Pridie, 1959;Steadman et al., 2001). Traditionally, a focus was placed on the cartilaginous repair tissue, but it is now clear that complex structural changes of the subchondral bone are associated with spontaneous osteochondral repair and with the use of cartilage repair procedures . They include (1) the upward migration of the subchondral bone plate, (2) the formation of intralesional osteophytes, (3) the appearance of subchondral bone cysts, and (4) the impairment of the osseous microarchitecture ( Fig. 1).There is accumulating experimental evidence for these subchondral bone alterations in small (Aroen et al., 2006;Chen et al., 2009;Chen et al., 2011a;Heir et al., 2012;Marchand et al., 2011;Marchand et al., 2012;Nam et al., 2004;Qiu et al., 2003) and large preclinical animal models (Dorotka et al., 2005;Frisbie et al., 1999; Hanie et al., 1992;Hoemann et al., 2005;Howard et al., 1994;Ishimaru et al., 1992;Lane et al., 2004;Orth et al., 2012b;Vachon et al., 1986) of cartilage defects. Supporting these findings, such pathological alterations were also reported in up to one third of patients treated with microfracture (Kreuz et al., 2006;Mithoefer et al., 2005; Saris et al., 2009). Moreover, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for articular cartilage defects previously treated with marrow stimulation techniques has a three-fold higher failure rate than for untreated defects Minas et al., 2009;Vasiliadis et al., 2010). In addition, upward migration of the subchondral bone plate or the development of intralesional osteophytes might also occur spontaneously in...

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Subchondral Bone Reaction Associated with Chondral Defect and Attempted Cartilage Repair in Goats

Cited by 58 publications

References 32 publications

Mesenchymal multipotency of adult human periosteal cells demonstrated by single‐cell lineage analysis

Mesenchymal multipotency of adult human periosteal cells demonstrated by single‐cell lineage analysis

Quantitative Analysis of Collagen Network Structure and Fibril Dimensions in Cartilage Repair with Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation

Alterations of the subchondral bone in osteochondral repair – translational data and clinical evidence

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