Subchronic inhalation toxicity study of a water-dispersible polyester in rats

Katz, Gary V.; Faber, Willem; Bernard, L.G.; Moulton, R.A.; David, Raymond M.; Vlaovic, Milan S.; Dyer, W.M.

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(97)87271-7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This approach could open interesting perspectives for the development of new electro-synthesis schemes more sustainable both environmentally and economically, since even partial immobilization of the catalyst in the electrode coating by ion-exchange preconcentration would allow one to use very small amounts of expensive and toxic catalysts. Note that the polyestersulfonated ionomer coating Eastman AQ 55 is cheap, bio-degradable and non-toxic [19]. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report describing electrocatalysis (for synthetic purposes) at electrodes coated with ionomers in acetonitrile solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Unlike the electrochemical behaviour of tris(2,2 -bipyridyl) ruthenium(II), iron(II), and osmium(II) complexes which exhibits two successive mono-electronic transfers [14], the reduction of the nickel(II) compound involves a two-electron process leading to the formation of a nickel(0) complex [20][21][22]. It was shown that the electrochemical reduction of [Ni II (bpy) 3 ] 2+ to [Ni 0 (bpy) 3 ] is followed by a fast loss of a bpy ligand to give [Ni 0 (bpy) 2 ] [19,20], the latter species being in equilibrium with a solvent molecule to give [Ni 0 (bpy)(MeCN)] [22]. These equilibria explain the presence of a second small oxidation wave on the reverse scan.…”

Section: Ion-exchange Voltammetry Of Ni(bpy) 3 (Bf 4 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ion-exchange voltammetry of tris(2,2′-bipyridine) nickel(II), cobalt(II), and Co(salen) at polyestersulfonated ionomer coated electrodes in acetonitrile: Reactivity of the electrogenerated low-valent complexes

Buriez

Moretto²,

Ugo³

2006

Electrochimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The electrochemical behaviour of [Ni(bpy) 3 (BF 4 ) 2 ], [Co(bpy) 3 (BF 4 ) 2 ], and Co(salen) (where bpy = 2,2 -bipyridine, and salen = N,Nbis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine) is studied at a glassy carbon electrode modified with the poly(estersulfonate) ionomer Eastman AQ 55 in acetonitrile (MeCN). It is shown that the nickel complex is strongly incorporated into the polymer. The reduction of the divalent nickel compound features a two-electron process leading to a nickel(0) species which is released from the coating because of the lack of electrostatic attraction with the ionomer. Yet, the neutral zerovalent nickel-bipyridine complex is reactive towards ethyl 4-iodobenzoate and di-bromocyclohexane despite the presence of the polymer. The activation of the aryl halide occurs through an oxidative addition, whereas, an electron transfer is involved in the presence of the alkyl halide making the catalyst regeneration much faster in the latter case. The electrochemical study of [Co(bpy) 3 (BF 4 ) 2 ] shows that incorporation of the cobalt complex into the polymer is efficient, provided excess bpy is used. This excess bpy does not interfere with the electrocatalytic activity of the cobalt complex incorporated in the AQ coating and efficient electrocatalysis is observed towards di-bromocyclohexane and benzyl-bromide as substrates. Finally, replacement of the bpy ligand with the macrocycle N,N -bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine, salen, leads to the incorporation of the non-charged Co II (salen) complex into the AQ 55 polymer showing the relevancy of hydrophobic interactions. The reaction between the electrogenerated [Co I (salen)] − with 1,2-dibromocyclohexane exhibits a fast inner sphere electron transfer.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Ion-exchange Voltammetry Of Ni(bpy) 3 (Bf 4 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-exchange voltammetry of tris(2,2′-bipyridine) nickel(II), cobalt(II), and Co(salen) at polyestersulfonated ionomer coated electrodes in acetonitrile: Reactivity of the electrogenerated low-valent complexes

Buriez

Moretto²,

Ugo³

2006

Electrochimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Impaired exercise capacity in electrostatic polyester powder paint workers

Sirayder

Inal-Ince

Acik

et al. 2021

Inhalation Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Potential Pulmonary Effects of Man-Made Organic Fiber (MMOF) Dusts

Warheit

Hart

Hesterberg

et al. 2001

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the first half of the twentieth century epidemiologic evidence linked elevated incidences of pulmonary fibrosis and cancer with inhalation of chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos, a family of naturally occurring inorganic fibrous materials. As the serpentine and amphibole forms of asbestos were phased out, synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs; fiber glass, mineral wool, and refractory fiber) became increasingly utilized, and concerns were raised that they too might cause adverse health effects. Extensive toxicological research on SVFs has demonstrated that their pulmonary effects are directly related to fiber dose in the lung over time. This is the result of deposition (thin fibers deposit in the lower lung more efficiently than thick fibers) and lung-persistence ("biopersistence" is directly related to fiber length and inversely related to dissolution and fragmentation rates). In rat inhalation studies, asbestos was determined to be 7- to 10-fold more biopersistent in the lung than SVFs. Other than its effect on biopersistence, fiber composition did not appear to play a direct role in the biological activity of SVFs. Recently, the utilization of man-made organic fibers (MMOFs) (also referred to by some as synthetic organic fibers) has increased rapidly for a variety of applications. In contrast to SVFs, research on the potential pulmonary effects of MMOFs is relatively limited, because traditionally MMOFs were manufactured in diameters too thick to be respirable (inhalable into the lower lung). However, new developments in the MMOF industry have resulted in the production of increasingly fine-diameter fibers for special applications, and certain post-manufacturing processes (e.g., chopping) generate respirable-sized MMOF dust. Until the mid-1990s, there was no consistent evidence of human health affects attributed to occupational exposure to MMOFs. Very recently, however, a unique form of interstitial lung disease has been reported in nylon flock workers in three different plants, and respirable-sized nylon shreds (including fibers) were identified in workplace air samples. Whether nylon dust or other occupational exposures are responsible for the development of lung disease in these workers remains to be determined. It is also unknown whether the biological mechanisms that determine the respirability and toxicity of SVFs apply to MMOFs. Thus, it is appropriate and timely to review the current data regarding MMOF workplace exposure and pulmonary health effects, including the database on epidemiological, exposure assessment, and toxicology studies.

show abstract

Subchronic inhalation toxicity study of a water-dispersible polyester in rats

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Ion-exchange voltammetry of tris(2,2′-bipyridine) nickel(II), cobalt(II), and Co(salen) at polyestersulfonated ionomer coated electrodes in acetonitrile: Reactivity of the electrogenerated low-valent complexes

Ion-exchange voltammetry of tris(2,2′-bipyridine) nickel(II), cobalt(II), and Co(salen) at polyestersulfonated ionomer coated electrodes in acetonitrile: Reactivity of the electrogenerated low-valent complexes

Impaired exercise capacity in electrostatic polyester powder paint workers

Potential Pulmonary Effects of Man-Made Organic Fiber (MMOF) Dusts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About