Subclasses of vomeronasal receptor neurons: differential expression of G proteins (Giα2 and Goα) and segregated projections to the accessory olfactory bulb

Jia, Changping; Halpern, Mimi

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00110-2

Cited by 254 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Albeit OMP was first considered a ''gold standard marker'' exclusively for mature olfactory receptor neurons (Bailey et al, 1999), it has also been applied to vomeronasal receptor neurons in the opossum (Shnayder et al, 1993) and in adult mice and rats (Jia and Halpern, 1996). Our results corroborate that OMP labels the two most superficial layers of both bulbs after birth, but with considerable difference in the degree of intensity between AOB and MOB, even at high concentrations ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussion Techniques and Methodologysupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Using different methodologies and strategies, it has been demonstrated that there is a functional/topographical relationship between the sensory epithelium of the VNO and the AOB (Imamura et al, 1985;Jia and Halpern, 1996;Sugai et al, 2000;Dulac and Torello, 2003). The vomeronasal receptors situated in the apical epithelium of the VNO send information to the anterior AOB, while those receptors located in the basal part send their axons to the posterior AOB, that is to say, between both structures, VNO/AOB, there is a zone-to-zone projection.…”

Section: Form and Topography Of Aobmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General organization of the perinatal and adult accessory olfactory bulb in mice

et al. 2006

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The vomeronasal system is currently a topical issue since the dual functional specificity, vomeronasal system-pheromones, has recently been questioned. Irrespective of the tools used to put such specificity in doubt, the diversity of the anatomy of the system itself in the animal kingdom is probably of more importance than has previously been considered. It has to be pointed out that a true vomeronasal system is integrated by the vomeronasal organ, the accessory olfactory bulb, and the so-called vomeronasal amygdala. Therefore, it seems reasonable to establish the corresponding differences between a well-developed vomeronasal system and other areas of the nasal cavity in which putative olfactory receptors, perhaps present in other kinds of mammals, may be able to detect pheromones and to process them. In consequence, a solid pattern for one such system in one particular species needs to be chosen. Here we report on an analysis of the general morphological characteristics of the accessory olfactory bulb in mice, a species commonly used in the study of the vomeronasal system, during growth and in adults. Our results indicate that the critical period for the formation of this structure comprises the stages between the first and the fifth day after birth, when the stratification of the bulb, the peculiarities of each type of cell, and the final building of glomeruli are completed. In addition, our data suggest that the conventional plexiform layers of the main olfactory bulb are not present in the accessory bulb. Anat Rec Part A, 288A: 1009-1025, 2006. 2006 Key words: vomeronasal system; accessory olfactory bulb; growth; anatomy; mouseOdors are detected in the majority of mammals by means of two systems, the main olfactory system (MOS) and the vomeronasal system (VNS) (Halpern, 1987;Brennan, 2001;Halpern and Martínez-Marcos, 2003), which, despite some differences, basically share a common pattern of organization (Mori, 1987). Each consists of a sensory epithelium, two olfactory bulbs, and different telencephalic structures. This similarity results in the olfactory information being processed in a like manner in both systems, although there are also some specific morphological differences, and at molecular level different genes are involved in the transduction mechanism (Buck and Axel, 1991;Dulac and Axel, 1995;Mombaerts, 1999).The main olfactory (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulbs (AOB), which are the first relay stations in each system, play a key role in the physiological mechanism of olfaction. Within the bulbs, glomeruli organize the corresponding input and output information

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Section: Discussion Techniques and Methodologysupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Form and Topography Of Aobmentioning

confidence: 99%

General organization of the perinatal and adult accessory olfactory bulb in mice

et al. 2006

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“…Across animal phyla, including mammalian, amphibian, and reptilian members, these same three subunits (G αi1-3 , G β , and G αo ) are expressed in the VNO (Luo et al, 1994;Jia and Halpern, 1996;Wekesa and Anholt, 1997). The cellular localization and pattern of zonal expression vary, however, depending on species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because a subset of G-protein subunits (αi2, αo, β1-4, αq, and γ8) have been shown to be highly or zonally expressed in the mammalian VNO (Ryba and Tirindelli, 1995;Jia and Halpern, 1996;Wu et al, 1996;Yoshihara et al, 1997;Wekesa and Anholt, 1997), we screened a portion of this subset as well as the αolf subunit in 13 animals (divided across the three species and both sexes) using 10-µm-thick cryosectioned tissue. For S. odoratus and T.s.…”

Section: Localization Of Gtp-binding Proteins Within the Vnementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both G proteins are enriched in the VNO microvilli, the presumed site of signal transduction in these neurons. In several studies using molecular or immunochemical probes (Shinohara et al, 1992;Luo et al, 1994;Dulac and Axel, 1995;Jia and Halpern, 1996), G αi2 was found to be colocalized in the apical zone of the VNO with both adenylyl cyclase isoform II and the vomeronasal (VN) receptor type 1 class of VN receptors and with neural output from this region projecting to the rostral part of the accessory bulb. G αo was localized to the basal zone of the VNO, with neural output from this region projecting to the caudal part of the accessory bulb.…”

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Sexual dimorphism and developmental expression of signal‐transduction machinery in the vomeronasal organ

Murphy

Tucker

Fadool

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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We have explored the use of a new model to study the transduction of chemosignals in the vomeronasal organ (VNO), for which the functional pathway for chemical communication is incompletely understood. Because putative vomeronasal receptors in mammalian and other vertebrate models belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors, the objective of the present study was to define which G-protein subunits were present in the VNO of Sternotherus odoratus (stinkpot or musk turtle) in order to provide directionality for future functional studies of the downstream signaling cascades. The turtle vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) was found to contain the G-proteins G β and G αi1-3 at the microvillar layer, the presumed site of signal tranduction in these neurons, as evidenced by immunocytochemical techniques. G αo labeled the axon bundles in the VNE and the somata of the vomeronasal sensory neurons but not the microvillar layer. Densitometric analysis of Western blots indicated that the VNO from females contained greater concentrations of G αi1-3 compared with males. Sexually immature (juvenile) turtles showed intense immunolabeling for all three subunits (G β , G αi1-3 , and G αo ) in the axon bundles and an absence of labeling in the microvillar layer. Another putative signaling component found in the microvilli of mammalian VNO, transient receptor potential channel, was also immunoreactive in S. odoratus in a gender-specific manner, as quantified by Western blot analysis. These data demonstrate the utility of Sternotherus for discerning the functional signal transduction machinery in the VNO and may suggest that gender and developmental differences in effector proteins or cellular signaling components may be used to activate sex-specific behaviors. Indexing termsG proteins; GTP-binding protein; vomeronasal organ; turtle; transient receptor potential; transient receptor potential channel Sensory systems capture information from the environment and convey these signals to higher cortical centers in the brain, where the signals are processed to render an internal depiction of the external world (Dulac and Axel, 1995). In several classes of vertebrates, chemical sensory perception is mediated by sensory neurons at two anatomically distinct locations: the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and the vomeronasal organ (VNO; Winan and Scalia, 1970;Broadwell, 1975;Scalia and Winan, 1975;Kevetter and Winan, 1981;Shepherd, 1988). Although they are of similar embryonic and neuronal origin (Cuschieri and Bannister, 1975), the two olfactory systems appear to diverge in function. (Halpern, 1987): The sensory neurons have unique biophysical properties (Liman and Corey, 1996); the molecular identities of putative transduction proteins that involve G-protein-coupled signaling cascades are notably different (Dulac and Axel, 1995;Ryba and Tirindelli, 1997); and, finally, the sensory information transmitted from each olfactory system is directed to different brain regions (for review, see Keverne, 1999). Hence, the VNO emerges as ...

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Afferent and efferent connections of the nucleus sphericus in the snakeThamnophis sirtalis: Convergence of olfactory and vomeronasal information in the lateral cortex and the amygdala

Lanuza

Halpern

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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This paper is an account of the afferent and efferent projections of the nucleus sphericus (NS), which is the major secondary vomeronasal structure in the brain of the snake Thamnophis sirtalis. There are four major efferent pathways from the NS: 1) a bilateral projection that courses, surrounding the accessory olfactory tract, and innervates several amygdaloid nuclei (nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract, dorsolateral amygdala, external amygdala, and ventral anterior amygdala), the rostral parts of the dorsal and lateral cortices, and the accessory olfactory bulb; 2) a bilateral projection that courses through the medial forebrain bundle and innervates the olfactostriatum (rostral and ventral striatum); 3) a commissural projection that courses through the anterior commissure and innervates mainly the contralateral NS; and 4) a meager bilateral projection to the lateral hypothalamus. On the other hand, important afferent projections to the NS arise solely in the accessory olfactory bulb, the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract, and the contralateral NS. This pattern of connections has three important implications: first, the lateral cortex probably integrates olfactory and vomeronasal information. Second, because the NS projection to the hypothalamus is meager and does not reach the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, vomeronasal information from the NS is not relayed directly to that nucleus, as previously reported. Finally, a structure located in the rostral and ventral telencephalon, the olfactostriatum, stands as the major tertiary vomeronasal center in the snake brain. These three conclusions change to an important extent our previous picture of how vomeronasal information is processed in the brain of reptiles.

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Subclasses of vomeronasal receptor neurons: differential expression of G proteins (Giα2 and Goα) and segregated projections to the accessory olfactory bulb

Cited by 254 publications

References 66 publications

General organization of the perinatal and adult accessory olfactory bulb in mice

General organization of the perinatal and adult accessory olfactory bulb in mice

Sexual dimorphism and developmental expression of signal‐transduction machinery in the vomeronasal organ

Afferent and efferent connections of the nucleus sphericus in the snakeThamnophis sirtalis: Convergence of olfactory and vomeronasal information in the lateral cortex and the amygdala

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