Subclinical Central Nervous System Infection with JC Virus in Patients with AIDS

Quinlivan, E. Byrd; Norris, Melanie; Bouldin, Thomas W.; Suzuki, Kinuko; Meeker, Rick B.; Smith, Marilyn S.; Hall, Colin D.; Kenney, Shannon C.

doi:10.1093/infdis/166.1.80

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is commonly thought that spread of JCV to the CNS occurs via the hematogenous route by white blood cells. 25 On the other hand, although highly controversial, JCV DNA has also been found in the brain tissues of patients with AIDS without clinically evident PML 35 as well as in normal individuals. 36 Potential mechanisms of PML-IRIS development include an unraveling of a latent subclinical infection triggered by immune recovery or JCV-induced reactivation mediated by cytokines.…”

Section: Figure 2 Time To Onset Of Pml-s-iris and Pmld-iris After Inimentioning

confidence: 99%

PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection

Tan¹,

Roda²,

Ostrow³

et al. 2009

Neurology

314

243

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Section: Figure 2 Time To Onset Of Pml-s-iris and Pmld-iris After Inimentioning

confidence: 99%

PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection

Tan¹,

Roda²,

Ostrow³

et al. 2009

Neurology

314

243

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“…Reactivation of JCV in chronically immunosuppressed patients leads to virus dissemination to the central nervous system and subsequent infection of glial cells (Lipton, 1991;Major et al, 1992;Telenti et al, 1992;Tornatore et al, 1994). Alternatively, JCV genomes may establish latency in the CNS and become reactivated during immunosuppression (Elsner and Dorries, 1992;Mori et al, 1991;Quinlivan et al, 1992;Vago et al, 1996;White et al, 1992). The primary targets of virus infection in the CNS are oligodendrocytes and astrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Polyomavirus, Jcv, Does Not Share Receptor Specificity with SV40 on Human Glial Cells

1998

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The initial event in the life cycle of a virus is its interaction with speci®c receptors present on the surface of a cell. Understanding these interactions is important to our understanding of viral tropism and tissue speci®c pathology associated with viral disease. The human polyomavirus, JCV, is the etiological agent of the fatal central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). PML is the direct result of JCV infection of oligodendrocytes, the myelin producing cell in the CNS. In vivo, JCV can be detected in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, lymphoid tissue, and peripheral blood of PML patients. In vitro, JCV infects human glial cells, tonsilar stromal cells, and, to a limited extent, human B lymphocytes. The initial step in infection of cells by JCV is at the level of attachment and entry. A speci®c cell surface receptor for JCV on human glial cells has not been identi®ed. To begin to understand the nature of JCV receptors on human glial cells, large quantities of a previously characterized hybrid JC virus (Mad-1/ SVED) were puri®ed. A direct virus binding assay demonstrated that these highly puri®ed and labeled JCV virions bound to a ®nite number of cellular receptors on human glial cells. A competitive virus binding assay demonstrated that an excess of unlabeled JCV competed with labeled JCV more ef®ciently than did an excess of puri®ed SV40. Furthermore, anti-class I antibodies which inhibited infection of glial cells by SV40 had no signi®cant effect on infection by JCV. These results imply that JCV does not share receptor speci®city with the related polyomavirus, SV40.

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“…Amplification of the viral genome by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has the advantage of detecting low concentrations of the viral genome. However, PCR studies have demonstrated the presence of JCV in brains of AIDS patients without clinically evident PML [3]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of a qualitative PCR method for the detection of JCV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AIDS patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JC virus detection in the cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and monitoring of the antiviral treatment by a PCR method

Matsiota-Bernard

Truchis

Gray

et al. 1997

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Twenty-four cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 19 AIDS patients with neurological signs were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of JC virus (JCV). Eleven of the 19 patients tested presented with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML). Two specific JCV target sequences were used for the PCR analysis: a sequence specific for the T antigen genes from both BK virus (BKV) and JCV (PCR1) and a sequence specific for the large T antigen gene from JCV (PCR2). The JCV genome was detected in 10 of 11 patients with PML by the PCRl method and in all 11 patients by the PCR2 method. With samples from the eight patients without PML, one positive result was obtained with the PCRl method and this sample and another gave positive results with PCR2. Multiple CSF samples were collected from three patients with PML at different times, including after intrathecal cytarabine treatment, and were tested by the PCR2 method for the presence of the JCV genome. The PCR result became negative for two of the three patients during the cytarabine treatment. However, the absence of a PCR signal was not associated with clinical improvement in these patients. The PCR method is useful for the detection of JCV in CSF samples and in the diagnosis of PML. However, the application of PCR for monitoring the effect of treatment remains to be established.

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Subclinical Central Nervous System Infection with JC Virus in Patients with AIDS

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection

PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection

The Human Polyomavirus, Jcv, Does Not Share Receptor Specificity with SV40 on Human Glial Cells

JC virus detection in the cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and monitoring of the antiviral treatment by a PCR method

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