Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults

Batstra, Laura; Meerman, Sanne te; Conners, Keith; Frances, Allen

doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30107-4

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The authors of this study concluded that individuals with ADHD have altered brains and presented their findings as proof that ADHD is a disorder of the brain (Hoogman et al, 2017). However, as has been pointed out (Batstra et al, 2017;Bejerot et al, 2017;Dehue et al, 2017;Poulton and Nanan, 2017), such a definitive conclusion is not supported by the data. Considerable overlap between groups and large within-group variation were found (Dehue et al, 2017).…”

Section: Problems Of Investigating Food Bioactives In Adhdcontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Considerable overlap between groups and large within-group variation were found (Dehue et al, 2017). The effect sizes ranging from −0.19 to −0.10 for the differences in volume indicate that approximately 95% of the two groups overlap, which is normally interpreted as a negligible or very small difference (Batstra et al, 2017). In addition, the results showed no significant differences in the brains of adults with ADHD compared to those without the diagnosis (Dehue et al, 2017).…”

Section: Problems Of Investigating Food Bioactives In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Do food bioactives play a role in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Lange¹

2018

Journal of Food Bioactives

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common diagnosis in children, which may persist into adulthood. Short-term benefits of pharmacological treatment have been shown, but concerns regarding long-term efficacy and safety have led to a search for alternative treatments. Nutrition may be an important factor in psychiatric disorders. At group level, food bioactives do not appear to play a significant pathogenetic or therapeutic role in ADHD. Benefits of treatment with omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals may be confined to individuals deficient in these micronutrients. Dietary patterns may be of greater importance than individual nutrients. However, both diet and consumption of certain nutrients may be precursors or consequences of ADHD. The controversy surrounding the clinical and pathogenetic heterogeneity of ADHD complicates the assessment of food bioactives. The identification of a potential role of food bioactives in ADHD is hindered by the ill-defined nature of the disorder and the lack of biological markers underpinning its validity. The therapeutic efficacy of food bioactives cannot be tested by evaluating their effect on the pathophysiology of ADHD but only by observing their effects on symptom severity.

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Section: Problems Of Investigating Food Bioactives In Adhdcontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Problems Of Investigating Food Bioactives In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 83%

Do food bioactives play a role in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Lange¹

2018

Journal of Food Bioactives

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“…(Hoogman et al, 2017, p. 311) It remains important to stress that this assertion was found to be incorrect for the general population with respect to other mental disorders such as schizophrenia or depression, where biological illness concepts were generally associated with more rather than less stigma (Angermeyer, Holzinger, Carta, & Schomerus, 2011;Kvaale, Gottdiener, & Haslam, 2013;Schomerus, Matschinger, & Angermeyer, 2014;Speerforck, Schomerus, Pruess, & Angermeyer, 2014). Also, issues with methodological limitations and the heterogenic etiology of ADHD were raised in reply to that mega-analysis (Batstra et al, 2017;Dehue et al, 2017). Furthermore, evidence for treatments with stimulants such as methylphenidate was subject to intensive academic debate: Whereas a Cochrane Review on methylphenidate for children and adolescents concluded that "the low quality of the underpinning evidence means that we cannot be certain of the magnitude of the effects" (Storebø et al, 2015), other researchers repeatedly criticized this main conclusion (e.g., Gerlach et al, 2017;Romanos, Coghill et al, 2016;Romanos, Reif, & Banaschewski, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults: A Population Survey on Public Beliefs

et al. 2019

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Objective: To investigate beliefs and attitudes of the public toward attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. Method: In a representative population survey in Germany ( N = 1,008) using computer-assisted telephone interviews, we asked participants about causal beliefs, illness recognition, treatment recommendations, and beliefs about ADHD, presenting an unlabelled vignette of a child or an adult with ADHD. Results: The most frequently endorsed causal beliefs for the depicted child with ADHD were “TV or Internet,” “lack of parental affection,” and “broken home.” In comparison with the child vignette, biological causal beliefs were endorsed more often after the adult vignette. In the child vignette, 66% advised against a treatment with stimulant medication. About 90% of respondents had heard of ADHD. Of those, 20% said they believed ADHD to be not a real disease. Conclusion: Beliefs of the German public partly contradict evidence and should be considered in therapeutical and public contexts.

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“…Notwithstanding the dubious representation, or misinterpretation (e.g. Batstra, Meerman, Conners, & Frances, 2017), a result of this presentation is that a fragmented truth is forced into the worldone that make a specific state of being come into existence. However, this truth is not a final answer as to what causes 'ADHD'.…”

Section: Treated As a Rat: Onto-epistemological Violence And The Fragmentioning

confidence: 95%

Reconstructing truth, deconstructing ADHD: Badiou, onto-epistemological violence and the diagnosis of ADHD

Sjöberg

2019

Critical Studies in Education

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Psychiatric/neurodevelopmental diagnoses have expanded in number and scale with increased influence over matters of education and upbringing. One of the most common psychiatric diagnoses among children and adolescents is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The dominant perspective of ADHD is biomedical, where ADHD is defined as a neurogenetic dysfunction and disorder of the brain. Due to the absence of biological markers, the diagnosis is legitimized on the basis of a humanitarian principle: as an ideology. Through the diagnosis, which is construed in the article as a form of onto-epistemological violence, the unique subject is forced into an object and a second-class citizen who undergoes instrumental techniques of behaviour modification. The overall leitmotif of the article is to shift the focus from 'chemical imbalances' to 'power imbalances' to counteract reductionism, disempowerment and medical behaviourism. Theoretically, the article draws upon the French philosopher Alain Badiou's ontological examination of being qua being, wherein the aim is to critically examine the onto-epistemological violence following the diagnosis of ADHD and to seek out a less violent pedagogy.

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Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Do food bioactives play a role in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Do food bioactives play a role in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults: A Population Survey on Public Beliefs

Reconstructing truth, deconstructing ADHD: Badiou, onto-epistemological violence and the diagnosis of ADHD

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