Subcultural evolution and illicit drug use

Golub, Andrew; Johnson, Bruce D.; Dunlap, Eloise

doi:10.1080/16066350500053497

Cited by 104 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A reduction of the PWID population could be explained by generational differences regarding drug use (Broz and Ouellet, 2008;Gamella, 1994;Golub and Johnson, 1999;Golub et al, 2005;van Ameijden and Coutinho, 2001) with new (young) drug users, who witnessed the adverse consequences of injection, choosing other modes of drug administration or other drugs.…”

Section: Comparison With the 1996 Estimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the size of the population of persons who inject drugs in the island of Montréal, Canada, using a six-source capture–recapture model

Leclerc¹,

Vandal

Fall³

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: To plan and implement services to persons who inject drugs (PWID), knowing their number is essential. For the island of Montréal, Canada, the only estimate, of 11 700 PWID, was obtained in 1996 through a capture-recapture method. Thirteen years later, this study was undertaken to produce a new estimate.Methods: PWID were defined as individuals aged 14-65 years, having injected recently and living on the island of Montréal. The study period was 07/01/2009 to 06/30/2010. An estimate was produced using a six-source capture-recapture log-linear regression method. The data sources were two epidemiological studies and four drug dependence treatment centres. Model selection was conducted in two steps, the first focusing on interactions between sources and the second, on age group and gender as covariates and as modulators of interactions.Results: A total of 1 480 PWID were identified in the six capture sources. They corresponded to 1 132 different individuals. Based on the best-fitting model, which included age group and sex as covariates and six two-source interactions (some modulated by age), the estimated population was 3 910 PWID (95% confidence intervals (CI): 3 180-4 900) which represents a prevalence of 2.8 (95% CI: 2.3-3.5) PWID per 1000 persons aged 14-65 years. Conclusions:The 2009-2010 estimate represents a two-thirds reduction compared to the one for 1996. The multisource capture-recapture method is useful to produce estimates of the size of the PWID population. It is of particular interest when conducted at regular intervals thus allowing for close monitoring of the injection phenomenon. 3-6 key words or phrases:Injection drug use Capture-recapture Log-linear model Canada Word count: 4134 4

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Section: Comparison With the 1996 Estimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the size of the population of persons who inject drugs in the island of Montréal, Canada, using a six-source capture–recapture model

Leclerc¹,

Vandal

Fall³

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…The popularity of different illicit drugs required the rise of subcultural attributes to include the various drugs coming onto the illicit drug market. Innovations, historical events, and individual choices caused drug subcultures to emerge and change over time [10].…”

Section: Drug Subculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Street drug subculture provides a framework for understanding drug subcultural behaviour patterns and conduct norms in inner city neighbourhoods [9,10]. It helps to provide insight into intergenerational transmission of behaviours, the interconnection between behaviours, and the subcultures significance of human activity.…”

Section: Drug Subculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Black Females: Drug Subculture, Inner City, and Black Family Life

Dunlap¹

2017

J Alcohol Drug Depend

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Results: Findings demonstrate the process by which street drug subculture heavily impact upon inner city Black family. The extended Black family has historically been the safety net which enabled survival of the Black Family. The drug subculture overtime is weakening the extended Black family. Conclusion:Findings from this study can be used to focus on behaviour patterns. Programs can begin to address conduct norms and behaviour patterns related to drug subculture. Such programs can be implemented in inner city areas.

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“…The theory of subcultural evolution designed by Golub, Johnson, and Dunlap (2005) attempts to explicate the interdependent dynamics determining drug eras.…”

Section: Developments and Transformations Of Drug Subculturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevailing (mainstream) cultures usually encompass a great variety of subcultures that entail associated values, norms, symbols, and behavioral patterns. Subcultures centered on drug use represent merely one specific variant, with the simultaneous existence of abundant others defined by diverse types of belonging, such as ethnicity, religion, and region (Golub, Johnson and Dunlap 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Mindedness: Protection against Crime in the Context of Illicit Drug Cultures?

Stallwitz¹

2014

International Journal of Rural Criminology

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The heroin scene on the Shetland Islands (GB) has been investigated with the objective to obtain an encompassing and profound insight into the relationship of location-and timespecific factors impacting on the nature and characteristics of illicit drug use and its surrounding social structures. Twenty-four local heroin users with differing using styles have been interviewed in-depth. According to the Shetland heroin users, the island heroin scene had existed for approximately two decades since the late 1970s in a socially integrated and unobtrusive way. As a result of a combination of diverse micro-and macro-social influences, the subculture began to change its character significantly around the turn of the millennium: Numbers of users as well as destructive and addicted patterns of use "exploded", criminal tendencies started to become apparent, and the scene became increasingly noticeable to the general public. Interview analysis revealed a close relationship between the subculture's prevailing value system at a certain point in time, especially the strength of communitymindedness (communal spirit comprising both social care and social control), and the respective degree of subcultural crime and deprivation. The capacities of communitymindedness to prevent harm at both the subcultural and the community levels are examined, and conditions that either further or hinder the communal spirit are illuminated. The utility and applicability of the concept of community-mindedness with respect to research, policy, and practice is demonstrated.

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Subcultural evolution and illicit drug use

Cited by 104 publications

References 47 publications

Estimating the size of the population of persons who inject drugs in the island of Montréal, Canada, using a six-source capture–recapture model

Estimating the size of the population of persons who inject drugs in the island of Montréal, Canada, using a six-source capture–recapture model

Black Females: Drug Subculture, Inner City, and Black Family Life

Community-Mindedness: Protection against Crime in the Context of Illicit Drug Cultures?

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