Subcutaneous Infection Caused by Dirofilaria repens Imported to Slovenia

Logar, J.; Novšak, V.; Rakovec, S; Staniša, O.

doi:10.1053/jinf.2000.0759

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…are traditionally endemic (Italy, France, Greece, and Spain) (302,328), with sporadic reports of small outbreaks of subcutaneous/ocular infections in Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Norway (302). Over the following decade, more cases were reported in Mediterranean countries (5,9,106,128,138,155,160,177,183,201,274,323,325,326,329,331,343,353,357,379,387); at the same time, a series of cases was described in Turkey, Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, and Austria, and sporadic cases occurred in seven other countries (Table 2) (19,20,25,44,54,127,148,209,217,244,341,412,461). In this decade (2000 to 2010), subcutaneous/ocular dirofilariasis expanded from southern to central and northern Europe (149,391,393).…”

Section: Dirofilariasis In Human Hostsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species ( Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens ) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. At the same time, both D. immitis and D. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia , the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hosts, and issues related to dirofilariasis treatment. Moreover, because dirofilariasis is a vector-borne transmitted disease, their distribution and infection rates have undergone significant modifications influenced by global climate change. Despite advances in our knowledge of D. immitis and D. repens and the pathologies that they inflict on different hosts, there are still many unknown aspects of dirofilariasis. This review is focused on human and animal dirofilariasis, including the basic morphology, biology, protein composition, and metabolism of Dirofilaria species; the climate and human behavioral factors that influence distribution dynamics; the disease pathology; the host-parasite relationship; the mechanisms involved in parasite survival; the immune response and pathogenesis; and the clinical management of human and animal infections.

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Section: Dirofilariasis In Human Hostsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic

et al. 2012

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“…It is transmitted to human beings by mosquitoes. 30 It affects the periorbital space, 31 subconjunctival space and anterior chamber. 32 It may mimic a lacrimal sac mucocoele 33 or even a lid tumour.…”

Section: Dirofilariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Eye Disease in India and the World- A Major Review

Sarkar¹,

Bhattacharayya²,

Choudhuri³

et al. 2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDParasites are a group of eukaryotic organisms. They may be free living, may form symbiotic relationships or form parasitic relationships with the hosts. The total number of recognised species of parasites are over 800,000. They may be unicellular or multicellular. Unicellular parasites include protozoa, while multicellular parasites include helminths and arthropods. The parasites are associated with human beings since the beginning of civilisation. The parasitic diseases are present worldwide including India. In addition to the already prevalent diseases, newer diseases are emerging in the clinical scenario. The systemic diseases like cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis and toxoplasmosis are common. Acquired toxoplasma infections are rising in incidence in immunodeficient individuals. Cestodes, trematodes, tissue flagellates and sporozoa affect human beings commonly including their eyes in different parts of the world. They thus constitute a real health problem globally. The basics of parasitology lie in morphological and pathological studies. This scope has extended further with recent updates in molecular parasitology. The present review discusses the principal ocular parasites found in India and the world with reference to microbiological and pathological aspects and gives outlines of management.

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“…Sometimes, it may be associated with a deep-seated infection such as in the lungs where early and proper diagnosis may prevent major complications. [64] Identification of the worm can be done after surgical removal using standard histopathological methods [Fig. 8].…”

Section: Ophthalmomyiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on pathology of ocular parasitic disease

Das

Ramachandra

Islam

et al. 2016

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Parasites are a group of eukaryotic organisms that may be free-living or form a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the hosts. Consisting of over 800,000 recognized species, parasites may be unicellular (Protozoa) or multicellular (helminths and arthropods). The association of parasites with human population started long before the emergence of civilization. Parasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent worldwide including India. Appropriate epidemiological data are lacking on existing zoonotic parasitic diseases, and newer diseases are emerging in our scenario. Systemic diseases such as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis, and toxoplasmosis are fairly common. Acquired Toxoplasma infections are rising in immune-deficient individuals. Amongst the ocular parasitic diseases, various protozoas such as Cystoidea, trematodes, tissue flagellates, sporozoas etc. affect humans in general and eyes in particular, in different parts of the world. These zoonoses seem to be a real health related problem globally. Recent intensification of research throughout the world has led to specialization in biological fields, creating a conducive situation for researchers interested in this subject. The basics of parasitology lie in morphology, pathology, and with recent updates in molecular parasitology, the scope has extended further. The current review is to address the recent update in ophthalmic parasites with special reference to pathology and give a glimpse of further research in this field.

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Subcutaneous Infection Caused by Dirofilaria repens Imported to Slovenia

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic

Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic

Parasitic Eye Disease in India and the World- A Major Review

Update on pathology of ocular parasitic disease

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