Subcutaneous Model for the Study of Dengue Virus Infection in Immune Competent Mice

Abstract

Various mouse models to study dengue have been described by different authors, some of them using immunodeficient or some using humanized mice. Our group reported previously a deadly murine model, which used the intracranial inoculum of highly virulent Dengue virus (DENV) in immune competent mouse. Here we present a model of immune competent mouse (C57BL/6), infected subcutaneously by the same highly virulent DENV (DENV3 genotype I). In this immunocompetent systemic mice model, the cytokine levels and hematological parameters such as total and differential leukocyte and platelets counts, together with weight loss, were considered important monitoring parameters, allowing a better understanding of the systemic human disease. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously and evaluated by the percentage weight variation as well as the clinical signs. Hematological parameters and cytokines levels were measured and viral titration in brain tissue or serum neutralization was performed to confirm mice infection. The subcutaneously DENV inoculated mice showed weight loss after infection, but they did not show any other clinical signs. The leukocytes and platelets decreased after subcutaneous inoculation. The cytokines TNF alpha and IFN gamma increased after infection in mice. The subcutaneous model provided scope for improved understanding of the dengue pathogenesis, as well as possible mechanism for protection to subsequent mouse infected by intracranial route in mice. This model could be used to study the vertebrate immune response and evaluation of drugs or vaccine against dengue virus.

Murine diabetic models for dengue virus infection

“…Weight loss is a significant sign of illness in murine models of DENV infection 13,43,44 . Because DENV can be inhibited by IFN signaling during infection, immunocompetent mice rarely show weight loss after viral infection where highly virulent strains or intracranial injection is not employed, 45–47 which is consistent with the lack of weight loss in WT and normal C57BL/6 mice in this study. Nevertheless, marked weight loss was observed in DENV‐infected AG129 mice, which was used as an important indicator of model validity 12,44,48 …”

Pathogen blocking in Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti is not affected by Zika and dengue virus co-infection

“…After this period, the cells were fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde (Exodo Cientifica) for 1 hour, and then stained with 1% crystal violet (Merck) for 20 minutes. Plaque numbers were counted to determine the number of plaque forming units per millilitre of virus [68, 69].…”