Subepidermal Calcinosis in the Ocular Adnexa: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Subepidermal calcinosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic lesions on the eyelid, particularly in young males with no history of systemic disease or laboratory abnormalities. These nodules usually present as painless, small, firm, mobile solitary cutaneous lesions with a predilection for the upper eyelid. Diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology, and treatment is with surgical excision.

Lacrimal punctal and peripunctal involvement in calcinosis cutis

“…Idiopathic calcinosis cutis includes tumoral calcinosis which predominantly involves the joints and ocular involvement is rare,[ 4 ] and subepidermal calcinosis involves mostly the head and neck region including the ocular adnexa. [ 3 5 ] Serum calcium and phosphorus levels are normal in dystrophic calcinosis and deranged in metastatic variants and calciphylaxis. Idiopathic variants may or may not show such serum abnormalities.…”

“…Ocular adnexal calcinosis cutis is more commonly documented in young, non-Caucasian males and commonly involves the upper eyelid (63%, n = 53). [ 3 ] Unilateral single lesions (82%, n = 53) are more common than multiple lesions or bilateral involvement. [ 3 ]…”

“…[ 3 ] Unilateral single lesions (82%, n = 53) are more common than multiple lesions or bilateral involvement. [ 3 ]…”

“…Histopathological examination demonstrates basophilic amorphous calcium deposits in the subepithelial stroma which can be confirmed by von Kossa stain. [ 1 3 4 ] The lining stratified squamous epithelium may occasionally show focal hyperplasia. Lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrates may or may not be present.…”

“…[ 1 2 ] Ocular adnexal involvement has been reported in 53 cases so far, and the lesions were found to involve the upper eyelid in 63% of cases, the medial canthus in 28%, and the lower eyelid in 9% of cases. [ 3 ] The present case describes the punctal and peripunctal involvement in a case of ocular adnexal calcinosis cutis and its management.…”