Suberic Acid-Based Supramolecular Metallogels of Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) for Anti-Pathogenic Activity and Semiconducting Diode Fabrication

Abstract

The importance of three synthesized metallogels of suberic acid distinctly with nickel, zinc, and cadmium acetate salts has been uncovered. For the creation of these soft materials, N,N′-dimethyl formamide was utilized as a source of the trapped solvent. The synthesized metallogels display intriguing viscoelasticity, and the interpretation of experimental parameters obtained from rheological results advocates the gel behavior. Microstructural analysis combined with energy-dispersive X-ray confirms the occurrence of individual gel-developing constituents as observed in different hierarchical microstructural patterns. Significant variations in microstructural arrangements with diverse extent of supramolecular non-covalent patterns inside gel networks were perceived through field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Fourier transform infrared and electrospray ionization-mass spectral analyses and powder X-ray diffraction analysis of metallogel samples of different gel-establishing ingredients help to investigate the possible supramolecular interactions dictating the metallogel scaffolds. Thermogravimetric analysis of xerogel samples was collected from the synthesized metallogels to understand the thermal stability. These gel materials were characterized by their potential antibacterial efficiency. The potency of metallogels against selective Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was visualized via a spectrophotometer. Human pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 109), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 733), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus (MTCC 1272), Lactobacillus fermentum (NCDO 955), and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96) are employed in this study. Apart from the biological significance, our metallogels demonstrate as incredible diode performance of fabricated semiconducting systems, which exhibit a considerable amount of non-linearity demonstrating a non-ohmic conduction mechanism at room temperature in dark conditions. Device fabrication was achieved from these metallogels employing the sandwich model with indium tin oxide-coated glass substrates/metallogel/Al structure.

Exploration of Variable Solvent Directed Self-Healable Supramolecular M(II)-Metallogels (M = Co, Ni, Zn) of Azelaic Acid: Investigating Temperature-Dependent Ion Conductivity and Antibacterial Efficiency

“…In general, metal ions exhibit diverse antimicrobial activities, and these properties have been recognized throughout the history of medicine and healthcare. − In this study, the metallogels showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria . However, the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity varies between metallogels. , In the present work, it was found that Ni­(II)-metallogel showed slight antimicrobial efficiency compared to Co­(II)-metallogel and Zn­(II)-metallogel of azelaic acid used as the low molecular weight organic gelator. These differences in the antimicrobial activity of the metallogels could be due to the differences in the bioavailability of the metal ions during gel-formation.…”

“…However, the achievement of self-healing metallogel is still challenging due to the complicated intrinsic mechanisms leading to a metallogelation process, and most of the potential metallogels are discovered by serendipity. , Metal–ligand coordination interaction existing between the gelator molecule and metal ions is one of the premiere driving forces leading to metallogelation . The presence of some typical functional groups within a molecule including carboxylic groups, , hydroxyl groups, phosphate groups, and compounds with oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur donor sites is an essentially crucial feature of a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG). − Additionally, some of the gels based on LMWG exhibit marvelous phase-selective properties that can selectively trap organic solvents from aqueous–organic solvent mixtures . Such gels can be of practical utility in oil spill remedy, phase partition, water treatment, , and in the catalytic reactions of organic compounds …”

Unveiling the Semiconducting Diode Property through Current Density–Voltage Features with Effective Interface Mobility and Conductivity of Nitroterephthalic Acid-Directed Supramolecular Co(II)/Cu(II) Metallogels

“…Scientists are very much fascinated about LMOGs not solely for the purpose of academic level but also because of their enormous implementations ranging from the academic to industrial domains, such as chemical sensing, catalytic reaction, organic electronics, ,− cosmetic industry, conservation of arts, and water purification, and for biological utilities like drug transportation, cellular supports, tissue engineering application, and so on . Apart from these applications, we observe some extra functional properties like redox activity, conductivity, ,− optical properties, magnetic features, nano science and nano electronics, and proton conductivity, , which are exhibited by the metallogels.…”

Solvent-Driven Variations of Third-Order Nonlinear Thermo-Optical Features of Glutaric Acid-Directed Self-Healing Supramolecular Ni(II) Metallogels

“…The three-dimensional soft scaffold of supramolecular metallogel is constructed through various types of noncovalent interactions such as van der Waals interactions, hydrogen-bonding, electrostatic interactions, π–π stacking, etc., where the solvent molecules are immobilized. − Low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs), − having molecular mass less than 3000, are very crucial to forming supramolecular gel materials. The incorporation of different functional groups in gelator molecules such as hydroxyl, , carboxylic, − phosphate, along with nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur containing compounds leads to diverse properties of metallogels. It offers potent functionality in different fields of biochemistry, catalysis, antipathogenic activity, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, − cell culturing, chemo sensors, − tissue engineering, − biomineralization, electrochemical devices, nonlinear optics, , lithography, pollutant removal, etc.…”