Subfamilial Phylogenetic Relationships of the Bromeliaceae: Evidence from Chloroplast DNA Restriction Site Variation

Phylogeny, Adaptive Radiation, and Historical Biogeography of Bromeliaceae Inferred from ndhF Sequence Data

“…Central American Hechtia thus appears to represent an extraordinary case of concerted convergence with Dyckia and Encholirium, and to a lesser degree with Abromeitiella and Deuterocohnia, all from central South America. Ranker et al (1990) found one restriction-site mutation that joined single species representing Dyckia and Hechtia, but the very small number of characters (19) and bromeliad taxa (10) included in that study, as well as its failure to place Glomeropitcairnia in a monophyletic Tillandsioideae, argue against giving it much weight. Crayn et al (2000) found that Hechtia segregated from all other pitcairnioid genera or groups of genera, including (Abromeitiella)-Deuterocohnia-Dyckia-Encholirium.…”

“…Terry et al (1997a) reached a similar conclusion, but had a different impression of the proximity of bromelioids and tillandsioids and the seeming isolation of Brocchinia as a result of not having sampled two of the eight major clades of Bromeliaceae, and undersampling two others. Terry et al (1997a) also concluded-based on the results of Ranker et al (1990) and their own belief that Encholirium and Hechtia were essentially interchangeable-that Hechtia was closely allied to Dyckia, Encholirium, Abromeitiella, and Deuterocohnia, rather than representing a convergent lineage much closer to the base of Bromeliaceae. The phylogenetic treatment of the ''adaptive radiation'' of Bromeliaceae by Benzing et al (2000a) based on the findings of Terry et al (1997a) bring an impressive amount of ecological and physiological data to bear, but in one important sense was premature: too many groups, with crucial biogeographic distributions and physiological and morphological adaptations, were not included.…”

“…Beginning 15 years ago, several studies attempted to infer relationships among these subfamilies and their constituent genera using morphological and (especially) molecular data (see Gilmartin and Brown 1987;Clark and Clegg 1990;Givnish et al 1990Givnish et al , 1992Ranker et al 1990;Clark et al 1993). Early progress was limited, partly because bromeliads exhibit substantial homoplasy in morphology (e.g., Varadarajan and Gilmartin 1988), partly because they occupy an isolated taxonomic position with no clear outgroup with which to polarize character-states (Gilmartin and Brown 1987;Terry et al 1997a;Givnish et al 2000;Pires and Sytsma 2002), and partly because their chloroplast DNA evolves at an exceptionally slow rate (Gaut et al 1992(Gaut et al , 1997Givnish et al 2004.…”

Systematics of Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae)—Evidence from Molecular and Anatomical Studies

“…Marker Genera/species of Bromeliaceae Ranker et al (1990) Givnish et al (1990 Clark and Clegg (1990) Clark et al (1993 restriction sites (cp) restriction sites (cp) rbcL rbcL rbcL 9/10 (T: 4/5, P: 3/3, B: 2/2) 7/7 3/3 7/7 7/7 (T: 3/3, P: 2/2, B: 2/2) Terry and Brown (1996) Givnish et al (1997) Terry et al (1997a) Terry et al (1997b) Horres et al (2000) ndhF restriction sites (nr ϩ cp) ndhF ndhF trnL intron 30/51 (T: 7/28, P: 8/8, B: 15/15) 4/19 (mostly Brocchinia; P: 4/19) 29/30 (T: 6/7, P: 8/8, B: 15/15) 9/28 (mostly Tillandsioideae) 32/62 (T: 7/23, P: 9/19, B: 16/20) Behnke et al (2000) Crayn et al (2000) rbcL matK 11/11 (T: 2/2, P: 5/5, B: 4/4) 15/40 (mostly Pitcairnioideae; T: 3/3, P: 11/36, B: 1/1) Reinert et al (2003) matK 11/35 (analysis of data by Crayn et al 2000, P: 11/35) Crayn et al (2004) Givnish et al (2005) matK & rps16 intron ndhF 24/51 (T: 7/10, P: 9/33, B: 8/8) 25/35 (T: 5/5, P: 14/24, B: 6/6) ter to a branch with Poaceae, Anarthriaceae, Restionaceae, Flagellariaceae, Xyridaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Thurniaceae, and Mayacaceae (Chase et al 2000). In a study of ndhF cpDNA data analysis, Givnish et al (2006) found that members of Typhaceae are sister to Bromeliaceae at the base of the order Poales sensu APG II (2003), with Rapateaceae next divergent.…”

Vriesea (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae): a cladistic analysis of eastern Brazilian species based on morphological characters

“…Phylogenetic studies have been conducted in the Bromeliaceae based on both molecular and morphological data. The first group of studies used different data sets, with a focus on relationships among the subfamilies (Ranker et al 1990;Terry et al 1997a;Horres et al 2000;Givnish et al 2007Givnish et al , 2011, within the subfamilies (Terry et al 1997b;Crayn et al 2000;Barfuss et al 2005;Horres et al 2007;Schulte et al 2009;Sass & Specht 2010) or within genera and subgenera (Rex et al 2007;Sousa et al 2007;Chew et al 2010;Versieux et al 2012). With the exception of the study of Gilmartin & Brown (1987), which questioned the monophyly of the family, its possible sistergroup, and the relationships among the subfamilies, phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data have focused on subfamilies (Varadarajan & Gilmartin 1988), tribes (Forzza 2001), genera (Gilmartin et al 1989;Leme 2000;Faria et al 2004;Hornung-Leoni & Sosa 2008;Almeida et al 2009;Monteiro 2009, Gomes-da-Silva et al 2012Saraiva 2013) or subgenera (Gilmartin & Brown 1986;Beaman & Judd 1996;Tardivo 2002;Sousa 2004) in all subfamilies.…”