“…For complete information environments, characterization results were given by Maskin [14], Hurwicz, Maskin, Postlewaite [12], Repullo [28], Sajio [29], Moore and Repullo [19], Dutta and Sen [5], Danilov [4], and others for Nash implementation; Moore and Repullo [18], Abreu and Sen [2] and others for implementation using re®ne-ments of Nash equilibrium; Matsushima [15] and Abreu and Sen [3] for virtual Nash implementation. For incomplete information environments, characterization results were given by Postlewaite and Schmeidler [25], Palfrey, and Srivastava [20,21], Mookherjee and Reichelstein [17], Jackson [13], Hong [9] among many others for Bayesian implementation; by Palfrey and Srivastava [23] and Mookherjee and Reichelstein [17] for implementation in using re®nements of Bayesian equilibrium; Abreu and Matsushima [1], Matsushima [16], Duggan [7], and Tian [35] for virtual Bayesian implementation.…”