Subharmonic Contrast Intravascular Ultrasound for Vasa Vasorum Imaging

Goertz, David E.; Frijlink, M.E.; Tempel, Dennie; Bhagwandas, Vijay; Gisolf, A.; Krams, R.; Jong, Nico de; Steen, Antonius F.W. van der

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.05.023

Cited by 145 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Accordingly, the application of harmonic contrast imaging, a well-established technique for microvascular flow detection by lower-frequency ultrasonography, has been proposed recently (Figure 11). 82 Second-harmonic imaging stimulates substantial bubble vibrations to emit energy at twice the transmitted frequency, thus generating images with a second-harmonic frequency band (eg, transmitting at 20 MHz and receiving at 40 MHz) in which the amplitudes of bubble echo are greater than those of tissue echo. This technique may also facilitate in vivo molecular imaging with targeted contrast microbubbles as assessed by IVUS.…”

Section: Vasa Vasorum Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in Intravascular Imaging Technologies

Honda

Fitzgerald

2008

Circulation

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I n 1971, Bom et al 1 developed one of the first catheterbased real-time imaging techniques for use in the cardiac system. In placing a set of phased-array ultrasound transducers within the cardiac chambers, Bom and colleagues showed that higher frequencies than those used in transthoracic ultrasound imaging could be used to produce high-resolution images of cardiac structures. By the late 1980s, Yock et al 2 had successfully miniaturized a single-transducer system to enable transducer placement within coronary arteries. Since then, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has become a pivotal catheter-based imaging technology, having provided practical guidance for percutaneous interventions and scientific insights into vascular biology in clinical settings. Technical developments currently being explored consist of further device improvements, a variety of advanced image analyses, and the extension of this ultrasound-based approach to diverse intravascular imaging techniques with other energy sources. Principles and Device DevelopmentsUltrasound-Based Approaches IVUS systems produce tomographic images by performing a series of pulse/echo sequences, or vectors, in which an acoustic pulse is emitted and the subsequent reflections from the tissue are detected. Each vector is acquired by directing the ultrasound beam from the catheter in a slightly different direction from the previous vector by mechanical or electrical means. A gray-scale IVUS image is made with all the vectors (commonly 256 vectors), with each vector acquired at a different angle of rotation.Several clinically relevant properties of the ultrasound image, such as the resolution, depth of penetration and attenuation of the acoustic pulse by tissue, are dependent on the geometric and frequency properties of the transducer. A crystal transducer emits a signal that spans a range of frequencies. The higher the center frequency, the better the radial resolution (Figure 1) but the lower the depth of penetration. Conventional IVUS catheters used in the coronary arteries have center frequencies that range from 20 MHz to 40 MHz, thus providing theoretical lower limits of resolution (calculated as half the wavelength) of 39 and 19 m, respectively. In practice, the radial resolution is at least 2 to 5 times poorer, as determined by factors such as the length of the emitted pulse and the position of the imaged structures relative to the transducer.For peripheral and intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) applications, larger imaging catheters with lower center frequencies (8 to 20 MHz) are produced in both mechanical and electrical configurations. In addition, a phased-array intracardiac echocardiography catheter is available that provides a sector image with color/spectral Doppler and multiple frequency imaging (5.0 to 10 MHz) capabilities. Optical Approaches AngioscopyIntracoronary angioscopy is an endoscopic technology that allows direct visualization of the surface color and superficial morphology of atherosclerotic plaque, thrombus, neointima, or stent struts. The ...

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Section: Vasa Vasorum Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in Intravascular Imaging Technologies

Honda

Fitzgerald

2008

Circulation

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“…Recently, the design of a nonlinear intravascular ultrasound transducer in conjunction with smaller microbubbles (higher resonance frequency) has raised promise for microbubble detection on high-frequency imaging systems. 24 This would be a key advance, as application of catheter-based intravascular ultrasound imaging of adhesion molecules might permit identification of early atherosclerosis or unstable atherosclerotic plaque facilitating early detection and treatment of disease. 25 The optimization of systems for ultrasound molecular imaging will require customization to the specific acoustic characteristics of microbubbles to maximize sensitivity for detecting the contrast agents.…”

Section: Ultrasound Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodality Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Part I

Sinusas

Bengel

Nahrendorf

et al. 2008

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

114

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“…Moreover the subharmonic response is attenuated less than both the fundamental and higher harmonic bubble responses. Given the transducer bandwidth limitations, subharmonic imaging is particularly interesting for high frequency imaging applications [73,74]. Subharmonic bubble responses were first described following experimental observations by Esche [75] already in 1952.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound contrast agents : dynamics of coated bubbles

Overvelde¹

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Subharmonic Contrast Intravascular Ultrasound for Vasa Vasorum Imaging

Cited by 145 publications

References 66 publications

Frontiers in Intravascular Imaging Technologies

Frontiers in Intravascular Imaging Technologies

Multimodality Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Part I

Ultrasound contrast agents : dynamics of coated bubbles

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