Subjective and Objective Cognitive Impairments in Non-Hospitalized Persons 9 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Kirchberger, Inge; Peilstöcker, Daniela; Warm, Tobias Dominik; Linseisen, Jakob; Hyhlik‐Dürr, A.; Meisinger, Christine; Goßlau, Yvonne

doi:10.3390/v15010256

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The cognitive results indicate that 71% of participants had changes in cognitive screening, a finding that is consistent with other reports in which the same screening tool was used [9], [10] a tool that was used as the main mechanism of evaluation in initial studies on Long COVID and cognition. The most impaired cognitive function was visual memory, with a total of 69% of participants showing at least mild changes, followed by language with 54%, visuospatial abilities with 49% [11], [12], verbal episodic memory with 37% [13], executive functions with 34%, consistent with other findings [10], [12], [14]- [18], and 34% showing dysfunction in attention. In terms of premorbid intelligence, only 12% of participants had changes, meaning that 88% of participants had preserved cognitive abilities before Long COVID symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This demonstrates that participants' perception of their cognitive limitations is consistent with the reality of the evaluation results [29]. These data also suggest that people with depression are an important risk group for impairments in executive functions when presenting Long COVID symptoms [12], [18], [35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The present study shows that there is no strong correlation between the duration of long COVID symptoms and cognitive impairments. When searching for these answers in other studies, we could see different correlations: some point to the possibility of worsening symptoms [36], while others indicate an improvement of symptoms over time [18], [37], [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cognitive Profile of SARS-cov-2 Recovered Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Dysfunctions in Long COVID

Lima¹,

Cavendish²,

Pinto³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Long Covid is a term used for patients who have recovered from COVID-19 but exhibit persistent cognitive dysfunction, including mental confusion, difficulties in attention, impairment in executive functions and slow movements, among other common symptoms. A study was conducted with 65 patients who had a positive RT-PCR diagnosis and reported symptoms of cognitive impairment, such as memory loss and attention difficulties after recovery. The patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation and completed questionnaires on cognition, mood, and quality of life. During the cognitive screening, 71% of the patients showed alterations, with deficits in visual memory (69%), language (54%), visuospatial construction (49%), verbal episodic memory (37%), executive functions (36%), attentional abilities (34%), and premorbid intelligence (12%). It is important to highlight the need for treatments and further studies to understand the long-term side effects of this disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cognitive Profile of SARS-cov-2 Recovered Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Dysfunctions in Long COVID

Lima¹,

Cavendish²,

Pinto³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The present study is a follow-up assessment of the Corona Thrombosis Study (COVID-T), a prospective single-center observational study evaluating the consequences of COVID-19 on the vascular system [22][23][24]. The study sample was recruited from the population living in the city and the county of Augsburg.…”

Section: Design and Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal course and predictors of health-related quality of life, mental health, and fatigue, in non-hospitalized individuals with or without post COVID-19 syndrome

Kirchberger

Meisinger

Warm

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Long-term information on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mental health of non-hospitalized individuals with „post COVID-19 syndrome“ (PCS) is scarce. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to compare HRQOL and mental health of individuals with and without PCS in a German sample of non-hospitalized persons after SARS-CoV-2 infection, to characterize the long-term course up to 2 years and to identify predictors for post COVID-19 impairments. Methods Individuals with past COVID-19 were examined at the University Hospital of Augsburg from November 2020 to May 2021 and completed a postal questionnaire between June and November 2022. Participants who self-reported the presence of fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, memory problems or concentration problems were classified as having PCS. HRQOL was assessed using the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey, mental health was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Fatigue Asessment Scale was used to assess fatigue severity. Multivariable linear regression models with inverse probability weighting were used to determine the association between PCS and health outcomes. Results From the 304 participants (58.2% women, median age 53 years), 210 (69.1%) were classified as having PCS in median 26 months after COVID-19 onset. Persons with PCS showed significantly more often depressive and anxiety disorders. PCS was independently and significantly associated with higher levels of depression, post-traumatic stress and fatigue, as well as poorer physical and mental HRQOL in median 9 months as well as 26 months after COVID-19 onset. A large number of acute symptoms and a prior diagnosis of depression were independently associated with poor mental health and HRQOL. While post-traumatic stress and mental HRQOL improved from 9 months to 26 months post infection onset, depressiveness, fatigue and physical HRQOL remained stable in both, persons with and without PCS. Conclusions PCS in non-hospitalized persons after COVID-19 is often associated with long-term impairments of mental health and HRQOL outomes.

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“…1,3,9 Cognitive impairments have been reported to have a significant negative impact on working ability and health-related quality of life. 10,11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective and Objective Measures of Cognitive Function are Correlated in Persons with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwan,

Lakhani,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundIt remains unclear whether subjective and objective measures of cognitive function in Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC) are correlated. The extent of correlation has mechanistic and clinical implications.MethodsThis post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial contains baseline data of subjective and objective measures of cognition in a rigorously characterized cohort living with PCC. Herein, we evaluated the association between subjective and objective condition function, as measured by the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire, 20-item (PDQ-20) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Trails Making Test (TMT)-A/B, respectively.ResultsA total of 152 participants comprised the baseline sample. Due to missing data, our statistical analyses included 150 for self-reported PDQ-20, 147 individuals for combined DSST-measured cognitive function (composite z-score of the Pen/Paper plus Online CogState Version,NcombinedDSST), 71 for in-person DSST-measured cognitive function (Pen/Paper Version), 70 for TMT-A-measured cognitive function, and 70 for TMT-B-measured cognitive function. After adjusting for age, sex, and education, PDQ-20 was significantly correlated with pen-and-paper DSST (β = -0.003,p= 0.002) and TMT-B (β = 0.003,p= 0.008) scores, but not with TMT-A scores (β = -0.001,p= 0.751).ConclusionsOverall, a statistically significant correlation was observed between subjective and objective cognitive functions. Clinicians providing care for individuals with PCC who have subjective cognitive function complaints may consider taking a measurement-based approach to cognition at the point of care that focuses exclusively on patient-reported measures.

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Subjective and Objective Cognitive Impairments in Non-Hospitalized Persons 9 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Cognitive Profile of SARS-cov-2 Recovered Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Dysfunctions in Long COVID

Cognitive Profile of SARS-cov-2 Recovered Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Dysfunctions in Long COVID

Longitudinal course and predictors of health-related quality of life, mental health, and fatigue, in non-hospitalized individuals with or without post COVID-19 syndrome

Subjective and Objective Measures of Cognitive Function are Correlated in Persons with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

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