Subjective patterns of randomness and choice: Some consequences of collective responses.

Falk, Raphael; Ayton, Peter

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.35.1.203

Cited by 29 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Teigen (1984) found that subjectively arranged patterns were judged to be slightly more attractive the truly random ones and this difference grows with the complexity. In addition, Falk, Falk, and Ayton (2009) suggest that people's spontaneous responses are affected by their image of randomness as well as by esthetic preferences. However, this connection as well as that in the color setting has yet to be understood.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are regularities which would be characteristic of natural scenes and, therefore, would represent the statistical evidence that the array-producing process is regular (as opposed to random). For each of these characterizations of subjective randomness, high subjective complexity in binary sequences ⁄ grids is highly correlated with higher-than-normal alternation rates (Bar-Hillel & Wagenaar, 1991;Falk, 1981;Sanderson, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Color Charts, Esthetics, and Subjective Randomness

Sanderson

2011

Cognitive Science

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Color charts, or grids of evenly spaced multicolored dots or squares, appear in the work of modern artists and designers. Often the artist ⁄ designer distributes the many colors in a way that could be described as ''random,'' that is, without an obvious pattern. We conduct a statistical analysis of 125 ''random-looking'' art and design color charts and show that they differ significantly from truly random color charts in the average distance between adjacent colors. We argue that this attribute generalizes results in subjective randomness in a black ⁄ white setting and gives further evidence supporting a connection between subjective randomness and what is esthetically pleasing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Charts, Esthetics, and Subjective Randomness

Sanderson

2011

Cognitive Science

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“…The avoidance of the highest-prize lottery may also be related to the general tendency to prefer middle options to options located at the extremes (e.g. Christenfeld, 1995;Falk, Falk, and Ayton, 2009). It is likely that various considerations cross the mind in such situations, as reflected in the interpretation of this avoidance by participants (Study 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding greedy behavior in situations of uncertainty: The role of magical thinking

Arad

2014

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

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a b s t r a c tPrevious studies have found evidence for the belief that actions which tempt fate increase the likelihood of negative outcomes. These included actions that presuppose a good outcome, that reflect hubris or that involve excessive risk taking. This paper explores a related form of magical thinking whereby individuals believe that asking for too much in situations of uncertainty may be punished by the universe and may decrease the probability of the desired outcome. It was found that many participants irrationally forgo the "greedy" option under uncertainty, even though it dominates other options and their behavior is not observed. It is suggested that some participants fear being magically punished for greediness and it is shown that the avoidance of greedy actions under uncertainty is related to the belief that one should not tempt fate. This phenomenon may have implications for various types of economic decisions such as charity donation, insurance purchase and bargaining.

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“…As a result, there is a "seeker advantage" because the seekers win more often than predicted by Nash equilibrium (which predicts a 25% seeker win rate from random matching). 3 An important paper by Falk, Falk, and Ayton (2009) collected a lot of data in paradigms similar to the four letter choice. One paradigm consisted of choosing 3 cells out of the 25 locations in a 5x5 matrix.…”

Section: B Previous Evidence Of Focality In Gamesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Visual Salience in Empirical Game Theory

Camerer

2019

SSRN Journal

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Coordination games often have salient "focal points". In games where choices are locations in images, we test for the effect of salience, predicted a priori using a neuroscience-based algorithm, Concentration of salience is correlated with the rate of matching when players are trying to match (r=.64). In hider-seeker games, all players choose salient locations more often, creating a "seeker's advantage" (seekers win 9% of games). Salience-choice relations are explained by a salience-enhanced cognitive hierarchy model. The novel prediction that time pressure will increases seeker's advantage, by biasing choices toward salience, is confirmed. Other links to salience in economics are suggested.

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Subjective patterns of randomness and choice: Some consequences of collective responses.

Abstract: This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. from, e.g., game theory and subjective-complexity research, are discussed. Permanent repository link

Cited by 29 publications

References 61 publications

Color Charts, Esthetics, and Subjective Randomness

Color Charts, Esthetics, and Subjective Randomness

Avoiding greedy behavior in situations of uncertainty: The role of magical thinking

Using Visual Salience in Empirical Game Theory

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