Subjective social status and rumination in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms and psychopathology among economically disadvantaged Latinos in primary care.

Abstract

The present investigation examined the interactive effects of subjective social status and rumination in relation to anxiety/depressive symptoms and psychopathology among 276 Latinos (82% female; M = 39.2, SD = 11.1; 97.0% reported Spanish as first language) who attended a community-based primary health care clinic. Results indicated that the interaction between rumination and subjective social status was significantly associated with depression (B = -.04, t = -3.52, p < .001, 95% CI [-.06, -.02]), social anxiety (B = -.01, t = -3.84, p < .001, 95% CI [-.02, -.01]), and the number of mood and anxiety disorders (B = -.004, t = -2.80, p = .005, 95% CI [-.006, -.001]), after controlling for main effects of rumination and subjective social status. The form of the interactions suggested that the associations of rumination and the outcome variables were stronger for those with lower compared to higher subjective social status. For anxious arousal symptoms, however, there was not a statistically significant interaction. These findings underscore the potential importance of examining the interplay between rumination and subjective social status in regard to better understanding, and intervening to reduce, various forms of anxiety/depressive symptoms and disorders among Latinos in primary care settings. (PsycINFO Database Record

Social rank theory of depression: A systematic review of self-perceptions of social rank and their relationship with depressive symptoms and suicide risk

“…An additional three studies (Gilbert et al, 2009;Gilbert et al, 2010;Williams et al, 2009) measured self-harm with the self-harm inventory (SHI; Sansone and Sansone, 2010). Three measured suicidal thoughts (Goodman et al, 2015;Zvolensky et al, 2016;Zvolensky et al, 2017) using the modified scale for suicide ideation (MSSI;Pettit et al, 2009) and the suicide subscale of the inventory of depression and anxiety symptoms (IDAS-suicide; Watson et al, 2007). No papers were identified that directly measured suicide attempts.…”

“…This may also indicate potential mechanisms for the relationship between SSS and depressive symptoms, as immigration factors such as discrimination may be pertinent. In samples of Latinos living in the USA the influence of psychological factors were further highlighted in a series of analyses that found significant interactions between SSS and anxiety sensitivity (Lau et al, 2013;Zvolensky et al, 2015), rumination (Talavera et al, 2017), emotional dysregulation (Zvolensky et al, 2017a) and mindfulness (Zvolensky et al, 2018). Additionally, an experimental study found an induced low SSS group had significantly higher rumination after adjusting for depressive symptoms (Schubert et al, 2016).…”

“…This suggests that SSS may act as a psychosocial mechanism for SES variables to impact depressive symptoms (e.g., Demakakos et al, 2008), and there may also be further psychological factors mediating the relationship between SSS and depressive symptoms (e.g., John et al, 2012). Of the SSS papers, 11 completed some form of formal mediation or moderation testing (Cundiff et al, 2011;Goodman et al, 2015;Hoebel et al, 2015;Jaggers and MacNeil, 2015;Lau et al, 2013;McGovern and Nazroo, 2015;Reitzel et al, 2016;Talavera et al, 2017;Zvolensky et al, 2015;Zvolensky et al, 2017;Zvolensky et al, 2018). In line with SSS acting as a psychosocial mechanism, SSS was found to mediate the relationship between a composite index of objective SES (i.e., occupation, income) and depressive symptoms for both men and women (Hoebel et al, 2015).…”

“…A study with Asian-American women found perceiving higher SSS-community had a suppression effect on the influence of where they were born upon depressive symptoms, specifically US-born women perceived a higher community social standing compared to immigrant women, and therefore less depressive symptoms (Lau et al, 2013). Additionally, two studies with Latino samples found SSS moderated the relationship between rumination and mindfulness upon depressive symptoms, with the association between these factors and depressive symptoms being stronger when SSS is lower (Talavera et al, 2017;Zvolensky et al, 2018). This indicates that rather than acting as a mechanism, perceiving a low social rank may increase the influence of some psychological factors upon depressive symptoms.…”

“…A number of studies found psychological variables mediated the SSS to depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation relationship (Cundiff et al, 2011;Goodman et al, 2015;Zvolensky et al, 2016;Zvolensky et al, 2017). In a sample of older married couples, interpersonal processes (e.g., husband or wives affiliation)as rated by their spouse, partially mediated the relationship between SSS and their partner's depressive symptoms; for wives this was their own controlling behaviour and their husband's affiliation to them, and for husbands their own and their wife's affiliation to them (Cundiff et al, 2011).…”