“…In the perspective of political psychology, many studies have explored the importance of PP (Flavin & Keane, 2012;de Zuniga, Diehl, & Ardevol-Abreu, 2017) and also POTP (Galston, 2001;Strabac & Allberg, 2011;Johann, 2012;Coffe, 2013;Dejaeghere & van Erkel, 2017) for democratic countries, where these two variables are significant aspects to form robust and healthy democracy. In the psychological description, these two behaviors will emerge due to internal factors, such as cognitive capacity (Aars & Christensen, 2020), emotion (Valentino et al, 2011), psychological well-being (Sulemana & Agyapong, 2019), personality (Pruysers, Blais, & Chen, 2019) and other internal psychological factors. However, in order to generate robust democracy, people should have awareness not just for ordinary participation but should be Voluntary Participation (VP).…”