Subjective well-being predicts Covid-19 risk in the elderly: a case–control study

Abstract

Background Covid-19 is a serious public health concern. Previous studies have shown that although there are concerns about the subjective well-being (SWB) of older people in the Covid period, the link between SWB and the risk of Covid-19 is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the predictive effect of SWB on the Covid-19 risk in the elderly as well as the determinants of SWB. Methods This case–control study was performed in the elderly over 60 years of age. The case group consisted of all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the control group from the same population with no history of COVID-19 matched by age, sex, and place of residence. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and SWB scale of Keyes and Magyarmo to measure emotional, psychological and social well-being. All data were analyzed via SPSS and STATA software. Multiple binary logistic regression was run to predict the probability of Covid-19 risk on the values of total SWB and its three subscales and multiple linear regression to identify SWB determinants. Results The results showed that increasing one unit in total SWB reduces the risk of Covid-19 by 4% (OR = 0.969, CI = 0.947–0.991, p = 0.006). Emotional well-being with 0.823 had the highest odds ratio for predicting Covid-19 risk, followed by social well-being with an odds ratio of 0.981. Increasing age and education, better economic status, marriage against celibacy, lack of comorbidity, and a better understanding of own health were associated with greater SWB. Discussion This study provides evidence for the protective effect of SWB on Covid-19 risk. To promote SWB, we need to focus on the elderly with higher financial worries and comorbidities, as well as those with less education, health perception and SWB. Therefore, it will be important for the elderly to determine strategies to improve SWB during the epidemic.

The impact of epidemic infectious diseases on the relationship between subjective well-being and social class identity in older adults: The mediating role of Self-rated health

“…In addition, the degree of interaction of the remaining variables decreased, except for social class identity, which had a slightly stronger influence on health status. Epidemic infectious diseases may directly reduce the health status of older adults [ 36 , 37 ], who are more susceptible to viral infections and serious medical conditions since they usually have lower immunity. In addition, if older people do not receive timely and appropriate medical care, their health conditions may deteriorate further, and epidemic infectious diseases may increase their psychological stress [ 38 ].…”

Correlation between medical coping style and mindfulness level of hospitalized elderly

“…It may be related to the obvious discomfort symptoms of hospitalized elderly people during the acute attack stage of the disease [23]. The elderly hospitalized suffer from physical and mental pressure due to degenerative changes and body pain [24]. The negative coping style of avoidance can instead divert attention and reduce pain, but it is not bene cial to use it for a long time as the disease progresses [25].…”