Subjects who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM after vaccination show a longer humoral immunity and a lower frequency of infection

Piubelli, Chiara; Ruggiero, Alessandra; Calciano, Lucia; Mazzi, C; Castilletti, Concetta; Tiberti, Natalia; Caldrer, Sara; Verzè, Matteo; Longoni, Silvia Stefánia; Accordini, Simone; Bisoffi, Zeno; Zipeto, Donato

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104471

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Analysis of the IgM-S revealed low levels of this type of antibody without any statistically relevant difference among groups, as reported in Figure 1 a and Table 2 . The observed low production of IgM-S is in line with other literature data reporting that a proportion of patients never develop IgM [ 12 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Comparing the two time points (PI versus PV), as expected, after infection, all groups seroconverted for the specific anti-Nucleocapsid protein; despite this, a higher increase in the IgG-N level was observed after VOC O breakthrough infection ( p = 0.008, Figure 1 b).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In our previous study, we deeply analyzed the humoral response to the Comirnaty vaccine in a large population of vaccinated HCWs at IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, longitudinally followed up until 6 months after the third dose [ 12 ]. In the present study, we focused our analysis on a subgroup of this longitudinal cohort, i.e., 35 vaccinated subjects who experienced SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection between March 2021 and June 2022, thus after two or three vaccine doses and during different VOC waves (VOC P , VOC D , and VOC O ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HCWs volunteered to participate in a prospective longitudinal observational study to determine the dynamics and persistence of the immune response throughout the vaccination campaign. For a full description of the longitudinal study, refer to Piubelli et al [ 12 ]. Whole blood and serum samples were collected before (pre-vaccination, PRE) and three weeks after each vaccine dose (post vaccination, PV).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the Adaptive Cellular Repertoire after Infection with Different SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in a Cohort of Vaccinated Healthcare Workers

Caldrer,

Accordini,

Mazzi

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Background: Currently approved vaccines are highly effective in protecting against hospitalization and severe COVID-19 infections. How pre-existing immunity responds to new variants with mutated antigens is crucial information for elucidating the functional interplay between antibodies and B and T cell responses during infection with new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods: In this study, we monitored the dynamics and persistence of the immune response versus different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that emerged during the pandemic period (2021–2022) in a cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers, who experienced breakthrough infection in the Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron waves. We evaluated both the humoral and cell-mediated responses after infection. We also evaluated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies levels produced by infection in comparison with those produced after vaccination. Results: Our results highlighted that the immune response against the Delta VOC mainly involved an adaptive humoral and switched memory B cells component, even 3 months after the last vaccine dose, conversely showing a high percentage of depleted adaptive T cells. Omicron infections triggered a consistent production of non-vaccine-associated anti-N antibodies, probably to balance the spike epitope immune escape mechanisms. Conclusion: Our results suggest a direct dependence between the VOC and different humoral and B and T cell balances in the post-infection period, despite the administration of a different number of vaccine doses and the elapsed time since the last vaccination.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the Adaptive Cellular Repertoire after Infection with Different SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in a Cohort of Vaccinated Healthcare Workers

Caldrer,

Accordini,

Mazzi

et al. 2024

Vaccines

Self Cite

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“…Indeed, by changing the envelope-expressing plasmid with different spikes, it is possible to generate PVs of SARS-CoV-2 new variants or of any other coronaviruses 28 . These virus portfolios can be used to assess the reactivity of vaccine-induced humoral response against the different variants of concern 15,[29][30][31][32] . This information can guide the generation of new and more effective vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudotyped Viruses As a Molecular Tool to Monitor Humoral Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Via Neutralization Assay

Fantoni,

Bissoli,

Stefani

et al. 2023

JoVE

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“…IgM-S and IgG-N were measured using the SARSCoV-2 IgG-N and the SARS-CoV-2 IgM-S assays (Abbott, Ireland), respectively, and IgG-RBD-S were tested using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott, Ireland). Samples were run in single replicate according to the manufacturer's instructions, using the ARCHITECT i2000 System (Abbott), as previously described [23][24][25]. For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥ 1.4 for IgG-N and ≥ 1 for IgM-S. For IgG-RBD-S results were reported as binding antibody Unit/mL (BAU/mL, cut-off ≥ 7.1) [26].…”

Section: Anti-sars-cov-2 Humoral Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Immune signature in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated aged people with COVID-19 pneumonia

Ruggiero,

Caldrer,

Pastori

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background A definition of the immunological features of COVID-19 pneumonia is needed to support clinical management of aged patients. In this study, we characterized the humoral and cellular immune responses in presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, in aged patients admitted to the IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital (Italy) for COVID-19 pneumonia between November 2021 and March 2022. Methods The study was approved by local authorities. Disease severity was evaluated according to WHO guidelines. We tested: A) anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral response (anti-RBD-S IgG, anti-S IgM, anti-N IgG, neutralizing activity against Delta, BA1, BA4/5 variants); B) Lymphocyte B, CD4 and CD8 T-cell phenotype; C) plasma cytokines. The impact of vaccine administration and different variants on the immunological responses was evaluated using standard linear regression models and Tobit models for censored outcomes adjusted for age, vaccine doses and gender. Result We studied 47 aged patients (median age 78.41), 22 (47%) female, 33 (70%) older than 70 years (elderly). At hospital admission, 36% were unvaccinated (VACno), whilst 63% had received 2 (VAC2) or 3 doses (VAC3) of vaccine. During hospitalization, WHO score > 5 was higher in unvaccinated (14% in VAC3 vs 43% in VAC2 and 44% VACno). Independently from vaccination doses and gender, elderly had overall reduced anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral response (IgG-RBD-S, p = 0.0075). By linear regression, the anti-RBD-S (p = 0.0060), B (p = 0.0079), CD8 (p = 0.0043) and Th2 cell counts (p = 0.0131) were higher in VAC2 + 3 compared to VACno. Delta variant was the most representative in VAC2 (n = 13/18, 72%), detected in 41% of VACno, whereas undetected in VAC3, and anti-RBD-S production was higher in VAC2 vs VACno (p = 0.0001), alongside neutralization against Delta (p = 0141), BA1 (p = 0.0255), BA4/5 (p = 0.0162). Infections with Delta also drove an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, p = 0.0463; IL-6, p = 0.0010). Conclusions Administration of 3 vaccination doses reduces the severe symptomatology in aged and elderly. Vaccination showed a strong association with anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral response and an expansion of Th2 T-cells populations, independently of age. Delta variants and number of vaccine doses affected the magnitude of the humoral response against the original SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. A systematic surveillance of the emerging variants is paramount to define future vaccination strategies.

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Subjects who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM after vaccination show a longer humoral immunity and a lower frequency of infection

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Changes in the Adaptive Cellular Repertoire after Infection with Different SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in a Cohort of Vaccinated Healthcare Workers

Changes in the Adaptive Cellular Repertoire after Infection with Different SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in a Cohort of Vaccinated Healthcare Workers

Pseudotyped Viruses As a Molecular Tool to Monitor Humoral Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Via Neutralization Assay

Immune signature in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated aged people with COVID-19 pneumonia

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