Sublethal Concentration of Beta-Cypermethrin Influences Fecundity and Mating Behavior ofCarposina sasakii(Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) Adults

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sublethal effects of the beta-cypermethrin on calling behavior and fecundity of a major fruit-boring pest of apple, Carposina sasakii Matsumura. The mating rate, fertility (total number of eggs laid per female), and adult longevity of adults were remarkably decreased as compared with that in control when the adults were exposed to 10% lethal concentrations (LC10) of beta-cypermethrin (LC10♀ × LC10♂), and the age-specific survival rate (lx) was also negatively affected by sublethal beta-cypermethrin especially for the LC10♀× LC10♂ mating combination. However, the age-specific fecundity (mx) was stimulated particularly in the combination of CK♀× LC10♂. Furthermore, the oviposition period was prolonged and the number of eggs was significantly increased for combinations of CK♀× LC10♂ and LC10♀× CK♂. In the mating experiments, males in control or LC10-beta-cypermethrin treatments preferred to mate with females in control. It might be because of lower calling rate of female survivors treated with sublethal beta-cypermethrin. Our data indicate that treatment of beta-cypermethrin had a sublethal effect on the development and production of C. sasakii, and their mating behavior changes in surviving adults that may contribute to assortative mating.

Antennal transcriptome analysis of the chemosensory gene families in Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae)

“…The larvae of C. sasakii used in the experiments were collected from the apple orchard of the Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Liaoning province (Latitude 40.6 + 1 °N, Longitude 120.73 °E), China. The insects were fed immature apples ( Golden Delicious ) picked in July, and newly emerged adults were reared on a 10% honey solution in climatic chambers (25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH, 16:8 L:D photoperiod) [ 2 ]. We speculated that C. sasakii reached sexual maturity when the pupa emerged because most of the insects began mating after 9 o’clock at night on the day of emergence, and a few mated 2–3 days later [ 42 ].…”

“…The peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), is one of the most damaging borers of pome and stone fruits [ 1 , 2 ], such as apple, hawthorn, pear, jujube, peach, et al Once the larvae of this insect bore into the young fruits, the pests deteriorate the quality of the fruits, then eat the pulp and release excreta into the fruits, ultimately resulting in significant economic losses. To avoid severe damage in production areas, the peach fruit moth is even listed as one of the important quarantine pests in some ports and markets and needs to be manually checked carefully whether or not the fruits are infested with it before shipment [ 3 ].…”

“…Additionally, insects are a vast group that interacts with varying levels of specificity, so the study on the molecular basis of olfaction will provide some new insight into key areas of olfaction research, and a combination of behavioral and molecular experiments described in prior studies can be used to screen countless volatile compounds and elucidate the recognition mechanism, and some of compounds may be also important or helpful to humans [ 16 ]. At the present stage, although the physiological [ 2 ], biochemical and morphological characteristics of C. sasakii antenna sensilla have been widely researched [ 17 ], the molecular biology of its antenna has not been well studied as of yet. The existing research on the sensilla located on the larval mouthparts and the adult antennae of C. sasakii shows that most of them are similar to the sensilla of other lepidopteran insects, but the sensilla of C. sasakii differ somewhat in number, external appearance and distribution compared to those of other lepidopterans [ 18 ].…”

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of pheromone binding proteins and general odorant binding proteins from Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae)

“…The peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii, is one of the most damaging borers of pome and stone fruits, especially apple and peach. 1,2 Significant economic losses are caused by this species, despite it being listed as a quarantine pest for ports and markets once. The larvae of Carposina sasakii can penetrate the fruits and feed on the flesh inside immediately after hatching, making it difficult to reduce larvae numbers using chemicals.…”

Morphological differences of the reproductive system could be used to predict the optimum Grapholita molesta (Busck) control period

“…The accessory gland of moths produces sticky secretions, which can help eggs adhere to other objects 52 , 53 . The accessory gland deposits these secretions into its bursae, which are also contractile after egg-laying 54 , 55 , so the accessory gland and bursae may be closely related with moth spawning behavior. The shape of accessory gland bursae could be used as an index for judging spawning but not for mating in females.…”