Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on juvenile hormone levels and <scp>mRNA</scp> expression of <scp>JHAMT</scp> and <scp>FPPS</scp> genes in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis

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BACKGROUND: As the largest transporter gene family in metazoans, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters regulate the efflux of a broad spectrum of substrates from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell. In arthropods, ABC transporters are involved in phase III of the detoxification process, and play important roles in the metabolism and transport of insecticides. RESULTS: We identified 54 ABC transporters from the genome and transcriptome of Chilo suppressalis, one of the most damaging pests of rice in China. The identified ABC transporters were classified into eight subfamilies (ABCA to ABCH) based on NCBI BLAST and phylogenetic analysis. Synergism studies showed that treatment with verapamil, a potent inhibitor of ABC transporters, resulted in significantly increased toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against C. suppressalis larvae. Among the 21 tested ABC genes, three ABC transporter genes including CsABCC8, CsABCG1C and CsABCH1 were significantly upregulated after chlorantraniliprole treatment. CONCLUSION: ABC transporters play important roles in the detoxification and transport of chlorantraniliprole in C. suppressalis. The results from our study provide valuable information on C. suppressalis ABC transporters, and are helpful in understanding the roles of ABC transporters in chlorantraniliprole resistance mechanisms in C. suppressalis and other insect pests.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and transcriptional response of ATP‐binding cassette transporters to chlorantraniliprole in the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis

Meng

Yang

et al. 2020

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“…Many studies in the past have found that insecticides affect JH 14–16 . Our research found that cyantraniliprole can significantly affect the 20E titer and 20E biosynthetic genes of the female B. dorsalis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Our observation indicated that cyantraniliprole affected the fecundity of female B. dorsalis , while only the 20E titer of insect hormones changed significantly. The sublethal doses of insecticides can affect the fecundity of insects, 1–4 and change the concentration of insect hormones and the expression of hormone anabolism genes 14–16 . 20E plays an essential role in the reproduction of insect females, 41 regulating Vg expression, ovarian development, egg chamber progression, morphogenesis of follicular epithelium and eggshell formation 21,42,43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After treating Myzus persicae (Sulzer) with imidacloprid, the JH titer showed an inverted U‐shaped curve with the concentration of the agent 14 . Chlorantraniliprole treatment of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) can upregulate the expression of CSJHAMT and CSFPPS2 and increase the level of JH 15 . The JH level of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) females decreased with the increase of deltamethrin concentration 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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20E and MAPK signal pathway involved in the effect of reproduction caused by cyantraniliprole in Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Liu

Chi

et al. 2021

BACKGROUND It is a common phenomenon that insecticides affect insect reproduction and insect hormones. After cyantraniliprole treatment, the egg production and remating behavior of female Bactrocera dorsalis were affected, a phenomenon of ‘hormesis’ appeared, but the change at the molecular level was unknown. Therefore, we investigated the fertility, insect hormone titers and transcription levels and used RNAi to prove the function of genes, to explore the molecular mechanism of cyantraniliprole causing reproductive changes in female B. dorsalis. RESULTS LC20 treatment promoted egg production, while LC50 treatment inhibited it. Both high and low concentrations inhibited female ovaries' development and reduced the length of the ovarian tubes. Among insect hormones, only the titer of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) changed significantly. According to the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of RNA‐seq, there are significant differences in insect hormone synthesis and MAPK signal pathways between treatments. Furthermore, 20E biosynthetic genes, BdVgs and BdVgR were all down‐regulated, and multiple MAPK signaling pathway genes were up‐regulated. Based on qRT‐PCR, the expression of BdCyp307A1, BdCyp302A1, BdMEKK4 and BdMAP2K6 within 1–11 days after treatment were consistent with the change of 20E titer. The BdVg1 and BdVg2 in LC50 were still suppressed, while the LC20 returned to normal in 9–11 days. RNAi indicated that BdMEKK4 and BdMAP2K6 participated in the transcriptional regulation of BdCyp307A1 and BdCyp302A1, then affected the levels of BdVgs. CONCLUSION Cyantraniliprole affected 20E through MAPK signal pathway, causing many genes to be down‐regulated during the early period but up‐regulated during the late period, ultimately affecting the reproduction of B. dorsalis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

“…In this study, we determined the bioactivity of itol A against S. frugiperda. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [35][36][37][38] was used to evaluate the effects of itol A on the JH levels in S. frugiperda larvae. Subsequently, the expression levels of the essential enzyme genes in the JH signaling pathway (SfJHAMT, SfFPPS, SfJHE, SfJHEH, SfJHDK) were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of itol A on the larval growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Meng

Bangash

et al. 2021

BACKGROUND: Itol A, extracted from Itoa orientalis Hemsl. (Flacourtiaceae), possesses bioactivity on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Our previous study showed that the effects on Spodoptera frugiperda, a destructive pest found worldwide, were similar to those of fenoxycarb (FC), a juvenile hormone analog. Thus, we speculate that itol A could have growth-regulating effects. The current work explored juvenile hormone (JH) levels and mRNA levels of crucial JH signaling pathway enzyme genes in S. frugiperda larvae treated with itol A and FC. RESULTS: Itol A caused severe growth obstacles in S. frugiperda, extended the larval duration and reduced the mean worm weight and body length rates. Three and 7 days after exposure to a sublethal concentration of itol A (500 mg L −1 ), the JH level of the larvae significantly decreased by 36.59% and 22.70%, respectively. qPCR inferred that the mRNA expression levels of crucial JH metabolism enzymes (SfJHE and SfJHEH) significantly increased by 6.58-fold and 2.12-fold, respectively, relative to the control group 3 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Itol A adversely affects the development of S. frugiperda. We propose that this effect was caused by decreasing JH levels and disrupting the JH signaling pathway via mediating its synthetic and metabolic crucial enzymes.