Sublethal effects of chlorfenapyr on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), is the most destructive pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. Chlorfenapyr is an important insecticide for controlling DBM. The impacts of three sublethal doses (LC 1 , LC 10 and LC 30 ) of chlorfenapyr on the chlorfenapyr-exposed DBM individuals and their unexposed F 1 and F 2 offspring were investigated in order to reveal the non-lethal deleterious effects of chlorfenapyr and its potential hormetic effects.RESULTS: LC 1 significantly increased female pupa weight of F 0 and F 1 generations, and F 0 fecundity as well as F 1 gross reproduction rate (GRR). The LC 1 -elicited rise in emergency rate and fecundity was significantly greater in F 0 than in F 1 . By contrast, LC 30 significantly decreased age-specific survival rates, pupation rate, male pupal weight, emergence rate and fecundity of F 0 and F 1 generations as well as female adult proportion and GRR, net reproduction rate (R 0 ), intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) and finite rate of increase (⊗) of F 1 generation. The LC 30 -induced reductions in pupation rate, adult emergence rate, male and female pupa weight, and fecundity were greater in F 1 than in F 0 . While LC 10 elicited only a mild inhibition (extension of pupal duration) in F 0 , it yielded both deleterious (drops in female proportion and age-specific survivals) and hormetic effects (ups in male longevity and female fecundity) in F 1 . CONCLUSION:The results demonstrate that the sublethal effects of chlorfenapyr on DBM vary from inhibition to stimulatory hormesis, depending on the dose and generation.

Delayed death of a child from chlorfenapyr poisoning: A case report and literature review

“…Chlorfenapyr is a new type of pyrrole compound that acts on the mitochondria of insect cells, mainly inhibiting the conversion of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thereby hindering the production of intracellular energy, leading to cell exhaustion and achieving insecticidal effect. 20 Judging from the general situation of the 21 human poisoning cases, most of them came from China, South Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries. The management of agricultural pesticides in these countries should therefore be strengthened.…”

Sublethal effects and reproductive hormesis of emamectin benzoate on Plutella xylostella

“…The LC 1 (0.274 mg/ L) of chlorfenapyr significantly increased female pupa weight of F 0 and F 1 generations, and F 0 fecundity as well as F 1 gross reproduction rate of DBM. And, the LC 1 -elicited rise in emergency rate and fecundity was significantly greater in F 0 than in F 1 (Jia et al, 2022). How does the sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on DBM remains unknown until now.…”

“…However, a few of insecticides, e.g. fenvalerate, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr (LC 1 ) and abamectin with sublethal dose/concentration (Fujiwara et al, 2002;Deng et al, 2016;Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al, 2021;Jia et al, 2022) could stimulate or lead to hormesis effect on DBM. The LC 1 (0.274 mg/ L) of chlorfenapyr significantly increased female pupa weight of F 0 and F 1 generations, and F 0 fecundity as well as F 1 gross reproduction rate of DBM.…”

Sub-Lethal Effects of Pirimiphos-Methyl Are Expressed to Different Levels in Wings of Three Stored-Product Coleopterans: A Geometric Morphometrics Investigation

“…The application of insecticides (e.g., neonicotinoids, organophosphorus, spinosyns) to the immature stages of insects may have a sub-lethal impact on the adult stage by affecting various biological traits, such as fertility and fecundity, or may lead to deformations of certain parts of their bodies [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Sub-lethal effects have been also reported in the F 1 generation, following the exposure of the parental individuals to a toxic agent [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. For instance, the net reproductive rate ( R 0 ) and fecundity of the F 1 generation of Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), emerged from parental individuals that were treated with the LC 25 of flupyradifurone, were lower in comparison with the control group [ 40 ].…”