Sublethal growth effects and mortality to marine bivalves from long-term exposure to tributyltin

Butyltin accumulation in the marine clam Mya arenaria: An evaluation of its suitability for monitoring butyltin pollution

“…Venerupis decussata (a marine clam) exposed to 81.4-2470 ng/l of TBT in a daily renewal protocol could reach a steady state within 40 days (Gomez-Ariza et al, 1999); the filter feeding Dreissena polymorha (a freshwater mussel) exposed to 80 ng/l of TBTCl under field conditions reached a steady state after 35 days (Van Slooten and Tarradellas, 1994); M. galloprovincialis (a marine mussels) under both field experiments exposed to 450 ng/l and a flow-through system exposed to 80 and 200 ng/l reached a steady state after 60 days (Vaikirs et al, 1987). Huang, using a flow through system, reported that TBT in tissues of M. edulis reached a steady state only when mussels were exposed to TBT concentration lower than 500 ng/l (Huang and Wang, 1995).…”

Changes in hard bottom communities related to boat mooring and tributyltin in San Diego Bay a natural experiment

“…TBT is 100-to 1000-times more toxic to laboratory animals than zinc and copper compounds that were previously the main anti-fouling chemicals. Only a few parts per billion kill some organisms (see , U'Ren 1983, Beaumont & Budd 1984, Valkirs et al 1985, Walsh et al 1985, Beaumont & Newman 1986, Short & Thrower 1986.…”

A programme to improve the quality of analytical results in the environmental monitoring of organotin compounds

“…More recent studies have investigated the toxic effects of TBT on aquatic life and mariculture in more detail, and have demonstrated a positive correlation between the presence of TBT and shell thickening (3), decreased reproductive ability (4) and mortality (5). As a result, legislation restricting the use of TBT based marine antifouling paints has now been enacted in more than one member state of the EEC.…”