Subliminal Channels in Visual Cryptography

Abstract

This paper describes three methods of creating a subliminal channel in visual cryptography that are defined for a (2,2) sharing scheme. They work by hiding additional covert information besides the original encrypted image. The first channel is revealed when the user folds the share along the specific axis. The second channel encodes subpixels on the basis of the encrypted message bits. It is designed to hide a wide range of data types. The third channel may be applied to a single share or multiple shares and is revealed when the proper parts of the shares are stacked. Fold and overlapping algorithms are adequate for printed shares, but the encryption method is only suitable for digital shares. The capacity of these methods ranges from half of the image size to the whole image size. The presented algorithms work on black-and-white images but are expandable to color visual cryptography. They may find applications in steganography and other data-hiding techniques. The created subliminal channels do not interfere with regular images that may still be revealed by stacking the shares. In short, this article introduces subliminal channels in visual cryptography, presents three algorithms for both binary and colorful images, shows examples of use with the results obtained, and discusses features of each method.

An Efficient Steganographic Protocol for WebP Files

“…Other examples of steganography include combinations with cryptography [47,48], watermarking [27,49] or secret sharing [50][51][52], multi-secret steganography used for concealing more than one message in a single container [53], techniques that do not require a predefined medium but generate the carrier from scratch [54,55], format-specific methods destined for particular files [36,56,57], the creation of subliminal channels in existing schemes to achieve better undetectability [58,59], systems that use biometric authentication for data hiding [60,61], combining various techniques to obtain secure data transmission in telemedicine applications [62,63], and many more.…”