Submandibular salivary gland volume is increased in patients with acromegaly

Manetti, Luca; Bogazzi, Fausto; Brogioni, Sandra; Grasso, Lucia; Lupi, Isabella; Genovesi, M; Cecconi, Elisabetta; Gasperi, Maurizio; Martino, Enio

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01576.x

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These alterations contribute to increasing the collapsibility of lateral/posterior hypopharyngeal walls on inspiration, which may then become invaginated into the laryngeal vestibule during sleep apneic episodes (274). Descriptions also exist of tongue hypertrophy causing fatal asphyxia (9), voluminous bilateral laryngocele (271), and increased volume of submandibular salivary glands (276). Remarkably, studies on static pharyngeal mechanics have identified the edge of the soft palate and the tongue base as the narrowest sites in the passive pharynx (277), whereas Morewood et al (278) documented obstruction of the upper airways in 23% of their patients due to the thickening of both true and false vocal cords.…”

Section: The Sleep Apnea Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Complications of Acromegaly: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management

et al. 2004

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This review focuses on the systemic complications of acromegaly. Mortality in this disease is increased mostly because of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, although currently neoplastic complications have been questioned as a relevant cause of increased risk of death. Biventricular hypertrophy, occurring independently of hypertension and metabolic complications, is the most frequent cardiac complication. Diastolic and systolic dysfunction develops along with disease duration; and other cardiac disorders, such as arrhythmias, valve disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction, are also common in acromegaly. Control of acromegaly by surgery or pharmacotherapy, especially somatostatin analogs, improves cardiovascular morbidity. Respiratory disorders, sleep apnea, and ventilatory dysfunction are also important contributors in increasing mortality and are advantageously benefitted by controlling GH and IGF-I hypersecretion. An increased risk of colonic polyps, which more frequently recur in patients not controlled after treatment, has been reported by several independent investigations, although malignancies in other organs have also been described, but less convincingly than at the gastrointestinal level. Finally, the most important cause of morbidity and functional disability of the disease is arthropathy, which can be reversed at an initial stage, but not if the disease is left untreated for several years.

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Section: The Sleep Apnea Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Complications of Acromegaly: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management

et al. 2004

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“…Clinically, not only dental components are modified by GH and IGF-1 excess but also soft tissue may be involved in facial changes due to acromegaly. In fact, it has been found that acromegalic patients commonly have enlarged submandibular glands (regardless of the activity of the disease) [31][32][33], though the parotid is rarely affected [34]. Glandular function is generally not compromised in these cases, and the pathophysiology related to these manifestations is not clear [34,35].…”

Section: Oral Manifestations and Maxillo-facial Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Manifestations and Maxillo-Facial Features in the Acromegalic Patient: A Literature Review

Stefani

Dassiè

Wennberg

et al. 2022

JCM

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Acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by an abnormal secretion of growth hormone (GH) by a pituitary adenoma, resulting in an increased circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The main characteristics are a slow progression of signs and symptoms, with multisystemic involvement, leading to acral overgrowth, progressive somatic changes, and a complex range of comorbidities. Most of these comorbidities can be controlled with treatment. The literature reveals that the most evident and early signs are those related to soft tissue thickening and skeletal growth, especially in the head and neck region. Methods: The authors reviewed the available literature on the clinical oro-dental features of acromegaly, selecting articles from PubMed and Google Scholar. The aim of this review was to summarize all the reported clinical oro-dental features of acromegalic patients. Results: The most common facial dimorphisms involved the maxillo-facial district, with hypertrophy of the paranasal sinuses, thickening of the frontal bones, and protruding glabella, which may be associated with joint pain and clicks. Regarding the oro-dental signs, the most frequent are dental diastema (40–43%), mandibular overgrowth (22–24%), mandibular prognathism (20–22%), and macroglossia (54–58%). These signs of acromegaly can be significantly reduced with adequate treatment, which is more effective when initiated early. Conclusions: Increased awareness of acromegaly among dentists and maxillo-facial surgeons, along with the early identification of oro-facial changes, could lead to an earlier diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving patients’ quality of life and prognosis.

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“…High circulating growth hormone levels are also associated with salivary gland enlargement in patients which correlates with concomitant raised serum IGF-I concentrations. 141 In rodents several pharmacological agents, particularly sympathomimetic amines, have been shown to produce increases in salivary gland size following repeated dosing. 142 There is an intimate relationship of sympathomimetic amines with the control of the secretory process in salivary tissue.…”

Section: Atrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestive System

Greaves

2012

Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies

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Submandibular salivary gland volume is increased in patients with acromegaly

Abstract: Acromegalic patients have an increased volume of submandibular salivary glands, independently of the activity of disease.

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Systemic Complications of Acromegaly: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management

Systemic Complications of Acromegaly: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management

Oral Manifestations and Maxillo-Facial Features in the Acromegalic Patient: A Literature Review

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