“…The role of the CWC province as EFH with a beneficial influence on fisheries resources has been previously demonstrated (Capezzuto, Sion, et al, 2018;D'Onghia, 2019;D'Onghia et al, 2019). The extensive three-dimensional CWC habitat hosts a great variety of species, for which it acts as a feeding, spawning, and refuge area from fishing (Baillon et al, 2012;Bo et al, 2015;Capezzuto, Sion, et al, 2018;Cau et al, 2017;Costello et al, 2005;D'Onghia et al, 2016D'Onghia et al, , 2019Freiwald et al, 2004;Henry et al, 2013;Husebø et al, 2002;Kutti et al, 2014;Quattrini et al, 2012;Reed, 2002;Ross & Quattrini, 2007 Red List of Marine Fishes (Nieto et al, 2015), and those of commercial interest such as Helicolenus dactylopterus, Merluccius merluccius, Pagellus bogaraveo, and Polyprion americanus, with M. merluccius considered Vulnerable in the IUCN Mediterranean Regional Red List (Relini et al, 2017), could emphasize the role of the SML CWC province as a partial refuge from fishing activity, and could stress the need for its protection. CWC communities are impacted by anthropogenic activities (Hinz, 2017).…”