Submarine Groundwater Discharge (Sgd) in Indonesia

Abstract

Pulled by gravity, fresh groundwater will come in contact with seawater at the downstream end of its flow system. Most previous work has discussed the shape of the seawater/freshwater interface on the basis of Ghyben-Herzberg's law. The groundwater, however, will come out to the surface as coastal springs or predicted by the law, the freshwater also can flow out from the bottom of the sea. The event of freshwater flows from the bottom of the sea or submarine is named submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). The analysis shows that the freshwater flows discharges along the interface, even as a submarine springs. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is now recognized as an important pathway between land and sea. The understanding of SGD will facilitate the development of water resources and the evaluation of environments. This paper reviews the scientific significance of SGD evidence in Indonesia. It is concluded that while the SGD process is essentially ubiquitous in Indonesia coastal areas, the assessment of its characteristic should be made base on geology and hydrogeological condition. SGD estimation has been made in 6 locations, Kata Kunci : Keluaran airtanah di lepas pantai, mata air, air tawar, pantai, Indonesia Lubis, Rachmat Fajar, et.al / Riset Geologi dan Pertambangan

Nutrient dynamics in submarine groundwater discharge through a coral reef (western Lombok, Indonesia)

“…The springs thus existed in the year 2000, but probably emerged after the year 1972. In this area, several springs discharge groundwater through a coral reef (Lubis et al ; Lestiana et al ). The reef stretches with a length of about 700 m along the coastline and a distance away from the shore of about 200 m. Coral reef cover is lower to absent within the larger submarine springs (Lestiana et al ).…”

“…Indonesia hosts one of the largest coastal ecosystems dominantly consisting of coral reefs (Burke et al ). Even though it is well known that SGD can transport significant amounts of nutrients into coral reefs (Street et al ; Young et al ; Tait et al ), only few studies considered SGD as a pathway for nutrients into the coastal ocean in Indonesia so far (Lubis et al ; Oehler et al ; Adyasari et al ). It is, for example, not clear if and in which way land based nutrients in groundwater may reach coral reefs via terrestrial SGD, or if they are removed within the coastal aquifer before discharge.…”

Kondisi Terumbu Karang di kawasan KALP Pantai Krakas, Lombok Utara

“…Penelitian tentang KALP di Indonesia baru mulai dilaporkan sejak sekitar tahun 2000 yang dilakukan oleh Sihwanto & Iskandar (2000) dan masih sedikit diteliti dan juga belum tercantum dalam atlas KALP yang telah dipublikasi secara internasional tentang keberadaan KALP di dunia (Lubis et al, 2011). Sementara Indonesia memiliki luas wilayah pesisir dapat dipastikan memiliki KALP yang banyak dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain yang saat ini sudah terdata dan terpetakan dengan cukup baik.…”

“…Saat ini baru ada beberapa penelitian tentang KALP diantaranya di utara Pulau Lombok (Bakti et al, 2012) pada lokasi yang sama dengan penelitian ini; pantai Karnaval, Jakarta; Binuangeun, Banten; Bulagi, Kepulauan Banggai, Sulawesi Tengah; Pulau Sempu, Jawa Timur; dan Tanah Lot, Bali (Lubis et al,, 2011). Namun pada penelitian tersebut belum ada yang mempelajari tentang dampaknya terhadap habitat dimana KALP tersebut berada.…”

Pemanfaatan Band Termal Citra Landsat Untuk Identifikasi Keluaran Airtanah Lepas Pantai (Kalp) Di Pantai Utara Lombok

“…Lubis, et al (2011) menyatakan informasi data lokasi serta sejumlah metode kajian KALP (baik langsung maupun tidak langsung) masih diperlukan untuk melengkapi inventarisasi fenomena ini di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu aplikasi untuk identifikasi potensi KALP di Indonesia harus dibangun agar diperoleh basis data KALP di Indonesia yang lebih representatif.…”