Submarine Volcanic Processes, Deposits, and Environments Favorable for the Location of Volcanic-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits

Gibson, H. L.; Morton, Ronald; Hudak, G. J.

doi:10.5382/rev.08.02

Cited by 50 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Silicification of the host rocks and precipitation of silica within the fluid channel ways commonly contribute to fluid overpressure and explosive fragmentation. This is described for many ancient deposits [Gibson et al, 1999] but is not clearly demonstrated in modern deposits. An explosive episode at the active top of the Snake Pit field was observed during the Microsmoke cruise (1995), where heavy instruments for bacteria colonization, left at the base of the black smoker complex, were hurled away and broken into several pieces found several tens of meters apart on the flank of the sulfide mound.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Crater Structures and Hydraulic Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Geodiversity of hydrothermal processes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and ultramafic-hosted mineralization: A new type of oceanic Cu-Zn-Co-Au volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit

Fouquet

Cambon

Étoubleau

et al. 2010

Geophysical Monograph Series

140

164

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Several hydrothermal deposits associated with ultramafic rocks have recently been found along slow spreading ridges with a low magmatic budget. Three preferential settings are identified: (1) rift valley walls near the amagmatic ends of ridge segments; (2) nontransform offsets; and (3) ultramafic domes at inside corners of ridge transform-fault intersections. The exposed mantle at these sites is often interpreted to be a detachment fault. Hydrothermal cells in ultramafic rocks may be driven by regional heat flow, cooling gabbroic intrusions, and exothermic heat produced during serpentinization. Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), hydrothermal deposits in ultramafic rocks include the following: (1) sulfide mounds related to high-temperature low-pH fluids (Logatchev, Rainbow, and Ashadze); (2) carbonate chimneys related to low-temperature, high-pH fluids (Lost City); (3) low-temperature diffuse venting and high-methane discharge associated with silica, minor sulfides, manganese oxides, and pervasive alteration (Saldanha); and (4) stockwork quartz veins with sulfides at the base of detachment faults (15°05′N). These settings are closely linked to preferential circulation of fluid along permeable detachment faults. Compared to mineralization in basaltic environments, sulfide deposits associated with ultramafic rocks are enriched in Cu, Zn, Co, Au, and Ni. Gold has a bimodal distribution in low-temperature Zn-rich and in hightemperature Cu-rich mineral assemblages. The Cu-Zn-Co-Au deposits along the MAR seem to be more abundant than in ophiolites on land. This may be because ultramafic-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits on slow spreading ridges are usually not accreted to continental margins during obduction and may constitute a specific marine type of mineralization.

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Section: Hydrothermal Crater Structures and Hydraulic Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Geodiversity of hydrothermal processes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and ultramafic-hosted mineralization: A new type of oceanic Cu-Zn-Co-Au volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit

Fouquet

Cambon

Étoubleau

et al. 2010

Geophysical Monograph Series

140

164

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“…The relatively thin sulphide-bearing felsic volcaniclastic sequence overlying the massive sulphide in the up-plunge section of the 1807 zone may have served as a semipermeable cap that allowed hydrothermal fluids to percolate into the mound and promote subseafloor replacement and the accumulation (and preservation) of sulphides (Gibson et al, 1999). Such a semipermeable cap has also been recognized in drill core in other zones; its absence in the lower part 1807 zone could be a result of removal by structural displacement or dyke emplacement after sulphide deposition.…”

Section: Preliminary Interpretations and Economic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanostratigraphy of the 1807 zone of the Ming Cu-Au volcanogenic massive-sulphide deposit, Baie Verte Peninsula, northern Newfoundland

Pilote¹,

Piercey²

2013

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All requests for permission to reproduce this work, in whole or in part, for purposes of commercial use, resale, or redistribution shall be addressed to: Earth Sciences Sector Copyright Information Officer, Room 622C, Abstract: The Ming Cu-Au volcanogenic massive-sulphide deposit (3.65 Mt at 2.26 wt % Cu, 1.13 g/t Au, 6.78 g/t Ag, and 0.32 wt % Zn) located in the Rambler mining camp is hosted by intermediate to felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the early Ordovician (ca. 487 Ma) Pacquet Harbour Group, which is part of a regional mafic-dominated rock assemblage of boninitic to tholeiitic affinity. The deposit consists of four parallel, elongated, shallowly plunging 030°N lenses, of which the 1807 zone is currently being mined. The 1807 zone consists of a Cu-Zn-Au-rich massive-sulphide horizon hosted by a sequence of aphanitic to quartz-phyric, dacitic to rhyolitic tuff, lapilli tuff, and tuff breccia. It is structurally to disconformably overlain by a mafic-dominated subaqueous volcanic sequence comprised of mafic to intermediate volcaniclastic to epiclastic rocks. The immediate footwall rocks are hydrothermally altered to chlorite+quartz+sericite±calcite±epidote, with zones of quartz+sericite±green mica, whereas the deeper (~100 m below the massive sulphide) footwall rocks are altered to chlorite+quartz.The massive-sulphide horizon in the 1807 zone shows evidence of deformation and possible remobilization during a regional compressional deformation. Structural modifications include regional-scale anticlinal and micro-to meso-scale tight folds with a northeast-southwest-trending axial plane with a shallow-plunging 030°N trending mineral lineation. In addition, three generations of mafic to intermediate dykes are recognized with the latest presenting features, indicative of a close temporal relationship with the remobilization of the sulphide horizons.Résumé : Le gisement de Ming, un gîte de sulfures massifs volcanogènes riches en Cu-Au (3,65 Mt de

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“…F22). The grains are mostly primary volcaniclastics, and some thick clast-rich sequences can be interpreted as subaqueous pyroclastic flow deposits (e.g., Fiske, 1963;Fiske and Matsuda, 1964;Gibson et al, 2000) and/or hyalotuff (e.g., Honnorez and Kirst, 1975;Heiken and Wohletz, 1985;Yamagishi, 1987;Busby, et al 2006).…”

Section: Units Iii-vimentioning

confidence: 99%

Site U1348

2010

Proceedings of the IODP

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Submarine Volcanic Processes, Deposits, and Environments Favorable for the Location of Volcanic-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Geodiversity of hydrothermal processes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and ultramafic-hosted mineralization: A new type of oceanic Cu-Zn-Co-Au volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit

Geodiversity of hydrothermal processes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and ultramafic-hosted mineralization: A new type of oceanic Cu-Zn-Co-Au volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit

Volcanostratigraphy of the 1807 zone of the Ming Cu-Au volcanogenic massive-sulphide deposit, Baie Verte Peninsula, northern Newfoundland

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