Submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor with suspended and immobilized N-doped TiO2 under visible irradiation for diclofenac removal from wastewater

Recent advances in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater using metal oxides and carbonaceous materials as photocatalysts: a review

“…In view of this, the following photocatalytic methods have been used in the removal of diclofenac from water. 665–748…”

“…Nguyen et al 685 removed diclofenac from wastewater using a submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor comprising immobilized N–TiO 2 under visible irradiation. It was also noted that DCF removal efficiency is enhanced under visible irradiation by coupling H 2 O 2 with the photocatalytic process.…”

An overview of wastewater treatment using combined heterogeneous photocatalysis and membrane distillation

“…Thus, it is critical to keep electrons from building up in photocatalytic oxidation processes. TiO2 has been widely explored in photocatalysis because of its high activity, good physical and chemical features, low cost, and availability [18,34,35]. The anatase and rutile forms of TiO2 have been widely studied as photocatalysts.…”

“…The membrane would serve as both a simple barrier for the light catalyst and a selective barrier for the molecules that would be destroyed by the photocatalyst [17]. In PMRs, the catalyst can be immobilized on a membrane (photocatalytic membranes) or suspended in the reaction mixture, similar to traditional photoreactors [18]. Compared to traditional photoreactors, photocatalytic membrane reactors offer the advantages of: using a membrane that could serve as an intermediate in the process of containing the photocatalyst inside the reaction environment; regulating the amount of time that each molecule spends within the reactor; realizing a process that can run continuously while simultaneously isolating the catalyst and products from the reaction environment [16].…”

Development of anti-foulant ultraviolet-assisted polyvinyl alcohol layer on the polysulfone-based nanohybrid membrane for industrial rubber wastewater decontamination

“…Group of hydrophilic polymers, including polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyacrylic acid (Chiao et al, 2020), polyelectrolytes, and others for surface coating of the membrane has been used to tackle fouling formation on the membrane surface (Liu et al, 2021;Vaysizadeh et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021;Wanke et al, 2021). Inorganic nanosized metal oxides have also been demonstrated to have outstanding antifouling properties, such as iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) (Chai et al, 2020), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) (Rambabu et al, 2020), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO) (Vatanpour et al, 2020), silicone dioxide (SiO 2 ) (Nguyen et al, 2021), graphene oxide (GO) (Fan et al, 2021), and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) (Nguyen et al, 2020).…”