Submicron diameter single crystal sapphire optical fiber

Hill, Cary; Homa, Daniel; Liu, Bo; Yu, Zhihao; Wang, Anbo; Pickrell, Gary

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2014.09.105

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For an air-clad sapphire FBG, the reflection peaks of different modes can be easily distinguished once the diameter is smaller than 20 μm and each peak has a <1 nm bandwidth [25]. The fabrication of a small diameter sapphire fiber can be achieved by laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) fabrication [28], in which diameters down to about 20 microns can be achieved, or by chemical-etching processing [29], in which diameters down to one micron or below can be achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Sapphire-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Multi-Point Temperature Sensor in Boilers at a Commercial Power Plant

Yang

Homa

Heyl

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Readily available temperature sensing in boilers is necessary to improve efficiencies, minimize downtime, and reduce toxic emissions for a power plant. The current techniques are typically deployed as a single-point measurement and are primarily used for detection and prevention of catastrophic events due to the harsh environment. In this work, a multi-point temperature sensor based on wavelength-multiplexed sapphire fiber Bragg gratings (SFBGs) were fabricated via the point-by-point method with a femtosecond laser. The sensor was packaged and calibrated in the lab, including thermally equilibrating at 1200 °C, followed by a 110-h, 1000 °C stability test. After laboratory testing, the sensor system was deployed in both a commercial coal-fired and a gas-fired boiler for 42 days and 48 days, respectively. The performance of the sensor was consistent during the entire test duration, over the course of which it measured temperatures up to 950 °C (with some excursions over 1000 °C), showing the survivability of the sensor in a field environment. The sensor has a demonstrated measurement range from room temperature to 1200 °C, but the maximum temperature limit is expected to be up to 1900 °C, based on previous work with other sapphire based temperature sensors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Sapphire-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Multi-Point Temperature Sensor in Boilers at a Commercial Power Plant

Yang

Homa

Heyl

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…The etching method employed has been described in greater detail previously [12]. In this work, the temperature profile of a typical etching session appeared as illustrated by Figure 4 below, where the solution reached its peak temperature of just over 340 • C over the course of about 2 h, after which etching was allowed to continue at a steady temperature for 8-10 h. As the acid solution was heated, several transformations took place due to heat and dehydration into diacid and polyacid forms, the nuances and impacts of which have been discussed elsewhere [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Etching Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously demonstrated a wet-acid etching method which was successfully applied to reduce the diameter of a sapphire optical fiber to less than 800 nm while maintaining a smooth, consistent surface [12]. This method, which summarily prescribes the immersion of sapphire fiber into a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acids at temperatures exceeding 340 • C, was employed again in the work presented below to produce an air-clad sapphire optical fiber demonstrating support of only the fundamental LP 01 mode at wavelengths of 783 nm and greater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Mode Air-Clad Single Crystal Sapphire Optical Fiber

Hill

Homa

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:The observation of single mode propagation in an air-clad single crystal sapphire optical fiber at wavelengths at and above 783 nm is presented for the first time. A high-temperature wet acid etching method was used to reduce the diameter of a 10 cm length of commercially-sourced sapphire fiber from 125 micrometers to 6.5 micrometers, and far-field imaging provided modal information at intervals as the fiber diameter decreased. Modal volume was shown to decrease with decreasing diameter, and single mode behavior was observed at the minimum diameter achieved. While weakly-guiding approximations are generally inaccurate for low modal volume optical fiber with high core-cladding refractive index disparity, consistency between these approximations and experimental results was observed when the effective numerical aperture was measured and substituted for the theoretical numerical aperture in weakly-guiding approximation calculations. With the demonstration of very low modal volume in sapphire at fiber diameters much larger than anticipated by legacy calculations, the resolution of sapphire fiber distributed sensors may be increased and other sensing schemes requiring very low modal volume, such as fiber Bragg gratings, may be realized in extreme environment applications.

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“…Compared to silica fiber, sapphire SCF is a better platform for supercontinum generation due to its high transparency up to 5 μm, low material dispersion in the 0.8 -5 μm spectral range, and higher laser damage threshold [6,7]. Furthermore, SCF-based sensors are the unique and effective solution in high-temperature, high-pressure, and chemically aggressive environments that require high temperature stability and transient response characteristics because of their high melting point, superb mechanical properties, and stable physical and chemical properties [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-solid anti-resonant single crystal fibers

Ding

Meng

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Optoelectron.

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In this paper, a novel all-solid anti-resonant single crystal fiber (AR-SCF) with high refractive index tubes cladding is proposed. By producing the cladding tubes with high refractive index material, the AR guiding mechanism can be realized for the SCF, which can reduce the mode number to achieve single-mode or few-mode transmission. The influences of different materials and structures on the confinement loss and effective guided mode number for wavelengths of 2–3 μm are investigated. Then, the optimal AR-SCF structures for different wavelengths are determined. Furthermore, the influences of different fabrication errors are analyzed. This work would provide insight to new opportunities in the novel design of SCFs by AR, which would greatly impact the fields of laser application, supercontinum generation, and SCF sensors. Graphical Abstract

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Submicron diameter single crystal sapphire optical fiber

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Application of Sapphire-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Multi-Point Temperature Sensor in Boilers at a Commercial Power Plant

Application of Sapphire-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Multi-Point Temperature Sensor in Boilers at a Commercial Power Plant

Single Mode Air-Clad Single Crystal Sapphire Optical Fiber

All-solid anti-resonant single crystal fibers

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