Submicron silicon anode stabilized by single-step carbon and germanium coatings for high capacity lithium-ion batteries

Mishra, Kuber; George, Kyle; Zhou, Xiao‐Dong

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.07.065

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…When capacity rate increases from 0.1 to 0.5 A/g the capacity for carbon coated HCMT@Si composites was decreased dramatically and was increased after 5 to 7th cycle at 0.5 A/g. The similar phenomenon of capacity increasing has been reported [1,[34][35][36][37], which may be ascribed to the activation gradually of silicon without completely reaction in the composite electrode during the subsequent discharge/charge cycles. Other researchers explained that the dramatic increasing in charge capacity maybe attributed to a layer of gelatinous material that forms on the surface of the electrodes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

The Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Si Composite with Hollow Carbon Microtubes by the Carbonization of Milkweed from Nature as Anode Template for Lithium Ion Batteries

Chung¹,

Kim

et al. 2020

Energies

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It has been reported that improving electrical conductivity and maintaining stable structure during discharge/charge process are challenge for Si to be used as an anode for lithium ion batteries (LIB). To address this problem, milkweed (MW) was carbonized to prepare hollow carbon microtubes (HCMT) derived from biomass as an anode template for LIB. In order to improve electrical conductivity, various materials such as chitosan (CTS), agarose, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are used as carbon source (C1, C2, and C3) by carbonization. Carbon coated HCMT@Si composits, HCMT@Si@C1, HCMT@Si@C1@C2, and HCMT@Si@C1@C3, have been successfully synthesized. Changes in structure and crystallinity of HCMT@Si composites were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Specific surface area for samples was calculated by using BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Also, pore size and particle size were obtained by particle and pore size analysis system. The surface morphology was evaluated using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), Field Emission transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal properties of HCMT@Si composites were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our research was performed to study the synthesis and electrochemical performance of Si composite with HCMT by the carbonization of natural micro hollow milkweed to form an inner space. After carbonization at 900 °C for 2 h in N2 flow, inner diameter of HCMT obtained was about 10 μm. The electrochemical tests indicate that HCMT@Si@C1@C3 exhibits discharge capacity of 932.18 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g after 100 cycles.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

The Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Si Composite with Hollow Carbon Microtubes by the Carbonization of Milkweed from Nature as Anode Template for Lithium Ion Batteries

Chung¹,

Kim

et al. 2020

Energies

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“…Figure 15 compares this work with selected high-performance silicon-based anodes which have been published in the literature in recent years [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. The initial coulomb efficiency and the 100th areal capacity are compared.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass loading of silicon-based anodes are typically in the range of 1–2 mg/cm 2 [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. An anode with a higher loading suffers from long lithium ions diffusion time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pyrolysis on High-Capacity Si-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery with High Coulombic Efficiency and Long Cycling Life

Tzeng

Jhan

2022

Nanomaterials

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We report a facile pyrolysis process for the fabrication of a porous silicon-based anode for lithium-ion battery. Silicon flakes of 100 nm × 800 nm × 800 nm were mixed with equal weight of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as the binder and the conductivity enhancement additive, Ketjen Black (KB), at the weight ratio of silicon–binder–KB being 70%:20%:10%, respectively. Pyrolysis was carried out at 700 °C in an inert argon environment for one hour. The process converts the binder to graphitic carbon coatings on silicon and a porous carbon structure. The process led to initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) being improved from 67% before pyrolysis to 75% after pyrolysis with the retention of 2.1 mAh/cm2 areal capacity after 100 discharge–charge cycles at 1 A/g rate. The improved ICE and cycling performance are attributed to graphitic coatings, which protect silicon from irreversible reactions with the electrolyte to form compounds such as lithium–silicon–fluoride (Li2SiF6) and the physical integrity and buffer space provided by the porous carbon structure. By eliminating the adverse effects of KB, the anode made with silicon-to-binder weight ratio of 70%:30% exhibited further improvement of the ICE to approximately 90%. This demonstrated that pyrolysis is a facile and promising one-step process for the fabrication of silicon-based anode with high ICE and long cycling life. This is especially true when the amount and choice of conductivity enhancement additive are optimized.

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“…The Si@Ge@C (core@shell) material was prepared by the thermal decomposition of tetraethyl Ge (CH 3 CH 2 ) 4 Ge on Si powders. Tetraethyl Ge was mixed with each of the different masses of Si in a sealed reactor then heated reactor at 580 °C for 5 h . Yu et al reported a 3D bicontinuous Au/amorphous Ge thin film electrode fabricated by thermal evaporation nanostructured Ge with different thicknesses onto porous gold substrates.…”

Section: Preparation Of Ge Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The micro/submicro Si@Ge@C electrode delivered high specific capacity of ≈900 mAh g −1 at the current density of 2 A g −1 for the composition of 34.2 wt% C, 39 wt% Si, and 26.8 wt% Ge with over 80% capacity retention after 200 cycles. The C and Ge rich electrodes were mostly spherical in shape and were able to preserve the pre‐cycling morphology even after 10 cycles at low current density of 200 mA g −1 . Si‐Ge alloy NPs with canyon‐like surface structure showed the specific capacity of 1771 mAh g −1 at a current density of 500 mA g −1 after 100th cycle …”

Section: Enhanced Electrochemical Performances Of Ge For Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Strategies for Germanium‐Based Anode Materials to Enhance Lithium Storage

Hao

Wang

Guo

et al. 2019

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Recently, germanium (Ge) has been arousing increasing interest as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and other energy storage devices due to its high theoretical capacity (1600 mAh g−1) and low operating voltage. There are still some critical problems to be solved before Ge can meet the high requirements for practical applications. In this Review, a series of attempts on rational design and synthesis of Ge‐based anode materials during the past few years are summarized. Structural and composition strategies that could resolve the issue of vast volume changes in Ge during cycling and enhance their electrochemical properties are focused on. The main strategies include designing nanostructures and forming Ge‐based composites and Ge‐based alloys. Lastly, the challenges for practical implementation of Ge anodes within the context of current LIB systems are discussed.

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Submicron silicon anode stabilized by single-step carbon and germanium coatings for high capacity lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

The Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Si Composite with Hollow Carbon Microtubes by the Carbonization of Milkweed from Nature as Anode Template for Lithium Ion Batteries

The Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Si Composite with Hollow Carbon Microtubes by the Carbonization of Milkweed from Nature as Anode Template for Lithium Ion Batteries

Effects of Pyrolysis on High-Capacity Si-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery with High Coulombic Efficiency and Long Cycling Life

Structural Strategies for Germanium‐Based Anode Materials to Enhance Lithium Storage

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