Subnational exposure to secondhand smoke in Iran from 1990 to 2013: a systematic review

Kashani, Homa; Nakhjirgan, Pegah; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Shamsipour, Mansour; Yunesian, Masud; Farzadfar, Farshad; Naddafi, Kazem; Mesdaghinia, Alireza

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11199-9

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A history of SHS in adults in never‐smokers had a possibility of a later diagnosis of LC and also death from LC 46 . Globally in adults, the level of SHS exposure was higher among females than in males 47 . In the USA, levels of SHS exposure among nonsmokers have reduced, which may be due to increased knowledge of social concerns about the health effects of SHS and strategies to control smoking in public places, which decreases cigarette smoking rates 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 46 Globally in adults, the level of SHS exposure was higher among females than in males. 47 In the USA, levels of SHS exposure among nonsmokers have reduced, which may be due to increased knowledge of social concerns about the health effects of SHS and strategies to control smoking in public places, which decreases cigarette smoking rates. 48 Obviously, Smoking and SHS exposure have a direct correlation, 47 but in Iran, MPOWER has not achieved goals yet; this increase in our study can be because of this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years of lung cancer in Iran, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019

et al. 2022

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Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading cancers, with a high burden worldwide. As a developing country, Iran is facing with population growth, widespread tobacco use, demographic and epidemiologic changes, and environmental exposures, which lead to cancers becoming a severe concern of public health in Iran. We aimed to examine the burden of lung cancer and its risk factors in Iran. Methods:We utilized the Global Burden of Disease 2019 data and analyzed the total burden of the lung cancer and seven related risk factors by sex, age at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2019. Results:The lung cancer age-standardized death rate increased from 11.8 (95% Uncertainty Interval: 9.7-14.4) to 12.9 (11.9-13.9) per 100,000 between 1990 and 2019. This increase was among women from 5 (4.2-7.1) to 8 (7.2-8.8) per 100,000; in contrast, there was a decline among men from 18.5 (14.8-22.6) to 17.8 (16.2-19.4) per 100,000. The burden of lung cancer is concentrated in the advanced age groups. Smoking with 53.5% of total attributable deaths (51.0%-55.9%) was the leading risk factor. At the provincial level, there was a wide range between the lowest and highest, from 8.3 (7.0-10.0) to 19.1 (16.4-22.0) per 100,000 population in the incidence rate and from 8.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years of lung cancer in Iran, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019

et al. 2022

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“…Demographics included age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) of patients. Exposure to SHS was defined as exposure to tobacco smoke as a result of having one or more active smokers who regularly smoked cigarettes at home and in the workplace and/or entertainment venues ( 14 ). Information on exposure to SHS in different environments was obtained through a direct query.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to second-hand smoke is an independent risk factor of small airway dysfunction in non-smokers with chronic cough: A retrospective case-control study

Zhao

Bai

Wan

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the potential risk factors for small airway dysfunction (SAD) in non-smokers with chronic cough.MethodsNon-smokers with chronic cough who underwent lung function tests at Xiangya Hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were enrolled, and divided into the derivation and validation cohorts based on their hospital admission time. SAD was determined based on the presence of at least two of the following three indicators of lung function being less than 65% of predicted: maximal mid-expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC. Clinical data of these patients were collected. Risk factors for SAD were identified by logistic regression analysis in the derivation cohort and further confirmed in the validation cohort.ResultsIn total, 316 patients (152 in the non-SAD group and 164 in the SAD group) were included in the derivation cohort. Compared with the non-SAD group, the SAD group had a higher proportion of female patients (82.3 vs. 59.2%, P < 0.001), was more commonly exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) (61.6 vs. 27.6%, P < 0.001), and tended to be older (median age, 45.5 vs. 40.0 years old, P = 0.004). The median FVC, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % pred, FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) % pred were slightly lower in the SAD group. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that exposure to SHS was an independent risk factor (OR 4.166 [95% CI 2.090–8.302], P < 0.001) for SAD in non-smokers with chronic cough after adjusting for related variables. In the validation cohort (n = 146), patients with SHS exposure had a relative risk of 1.976 (95% CI 1.246–3.135, P = 0.004) for SAD compared to those without SHS exposure. Multivariable logistic analysis consistently confirmed that exposure to SHS was an independent risk factor (OR 3.041 [95% CI 1.458–6.344], P = 0.003) for SAD in non-smokers.ConclusionsExposure to SHS is independently associated with a higher risk of SAD in non-smokers with chronic cough. Reduction in SHS exposure may ameliorate lung function, thus lowering the risk of irreversible airway obstruction.

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“…In Iran, smoke-free rules were adopted to protect individuals from the harmful effects of SHS Following the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (2003). This is despite the fact that executive measures in this field have not yet been implemented in Iran [ 13 ]. Therefore, conducting studies in this field can be effective in providing sufficient evidence regarding the SHS exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to secondhand smoke among Iranian patients with cardiac diseases; a cross-sectional study

Janjani,

Motevaseli,

Salehi

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Subnational exposure to secondhand smoke in Iran from 1990 to 2013: a systematic review

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Estimates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years of lung cancer in Iran, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019

Estimates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years of lung cancer in Iran, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019

Exposure to second-hand smoke is an independent risk factor of small airway dysfunction in non-smokers with chronic cough: A retrospective case-control study

Assessing exposure to secondhand smoke among Iranian patients with cardiac diseases; a cross-sectional study

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