Suboptimal Engagement of High-Level Cortical Regions Predicts Random-Noise-Related Gains in Sustained Attention

Harty, Siobhán; Kadosh, Roi Cohen

doi:10.1177/0956797619856658

Cited by 38 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The association can generalize from the visual perspective‐taking task at the online phase to the imitation task at the offline phase, which indicates the feasibility of prestimulation screening using task‐based fMRI. Our fMRI research echoes the recent advances in predicting transcranial random noise stimulation effect using electrophysiology technique . This line of research advocates the value of individual neuroimaging at baseline in prestimulation screening.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neural and Psychological Predictors of Cognitive Enhancement and Impairment from Neurostimulation

et al. 2020

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Modulating the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), especially the right counterpart, shows promises in enhancing social cognitive ability. However, it is ambiguous whether the functional lateralization of TPJ determines people's responsiveness to brain stimulation. Here, this issue is investigated with an individual difference approach. Forty‐five participants attended three sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) experiments and one neuroimaging session. The results support the symmetric mechanism of left and right TPJ stimulation. First, the left and right TPJ stimulation effect are comparable in the group‐level analysis. Second, the individual‐level analysis reveals that a less right‐lateralized TPJ is associated with a higher level of responsiveness. Participants could be classified into positive responders showing cognitive enhancement and negative responders showing cognitive impairment due to stimulation. The positive responders show weaker connectivity between bilateral TPJ and the medial prefrontal cortex, which mediates the prediction of offline responsiveness by the lateralization and the social‐related trait. These findings call for a better characterization and predictive models for whom tDCS should be used for, and highlight the necessity and feasibility of prestimulation screening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neural and Psychological Predictors of Cognitive Enhancement and Impairment from Neurostimulation

et al. 2020

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“…In line with the prediction in our preregistered analysis, and consistent with the same moderating effect of TBR on tRNS in sustained attention task 24 , we found that TBR over frontal sites moderates the effect of tRNS. Namely, tRNS was most beneficial for participants with high TBR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A prevalent hypothesis is that the effect of tRNS on behaviour is due to stochastic resonance 2,19 , a phenomenon in which introducing an appropriate level of noise can enhance the output of subthreshold signals. Some studies lend support to the stochastic resonance explanation [2][3][4]18 , and some evidence for stochastic resonance is based on the beneficial effect of tRNS amongst participants with poorer, rather than stronger, baseline ability 12,23,24 . However, the support for the stochastic resonance explanation of tRNS is limited to the behavioural level, and, at least in some cases, might arise from a ceiling effect due to high performance in easy tasks or high-performing participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can noise alter neurophysiology in order to improve human behaviour? A combined tRNS and EEG study

Sheffield

Raz

Sella

et al. 2020

Preprint

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8Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) has been used to improve cognitive 9 performance in patients and healthy individuals in different domains. It is therefore 10 considered as a promising method for cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation. 11However, the mechanistic underpinnings of tRNS are poorly understood, mainly due 12 to difficulties in separating neural signal from stimulation artefact. Here we suggest 13 a procedure to successfully remove the tRNS artefact in both the time and frequency 14 domains, leading to electroencephalography (EEG) data that are comparable between 15 participants in active and sham (placebo) tRNS conditions. Such a procedure affords 16 us a unique opportunity to examine the neurophysiological mechanisms that are 17 altered by tRNS during complex mental arithmetic. We recorded EEG data in 69 18 participants who received arithmetic training concurrently with active or sham tRNS 19 above the dlPFC. We successfully found that active tRNS improved arithmetic 20 performance compared to sham tRNS. The underlying event-related potentials 21 revealed that the tRNS effect was associated with increases in components that are 22 associated with domain-general, rather than domain-specific, changes as indicated 23 by alteration in amplitude of attention and preparatory markers. The results indicate 24 that the enhancement effect of tRNS when applied above the dlPFC acts by effecting 25 general attentional mechanisms during cognitive training, which explains the 26 potential improvement seen over a large array of cognitive tasks. In addition, our 27 procedure to remove the tRNS artefact effectively allows future investigation of the 28 mechanisms underlying the effect of tRNS on human behaviour. 29 30 31 32 65 changes evoked by tRNS have done so by looking at pre/post changes in brain activity 66 (e.g., Harty & Cohen Kadosh, 2019). To a degree, this reflects difficulties in 67 simultaneously recording the electrical activity from the brain whilst delivering 68 electrical stimulation, which is often done at amplitudes an order of magnitude larger 69 than the physiological signal measured by EEG equipment. However, one cannot be 70 sure that the changes that follow from the end of the stimulation (termed "offline 71 effect") are reflective of the altered neural response that might occur during 72 stimulation itself (termed "online effect"). An effective procedure to overcome these 73 difficulties could help elucidate possible mechanisms responsible for tRNS-evoked 74 changes. 75 Recently, Rufener, Ruhnau, Heinze, & Zaehle (2017) used frequency band-pass 76 filters to remove tRNS-induced artefacts from EEG data analysed in the time domain, 77 3 3revealing reduced N1 latency in the tRNS group compared to the sham during a pitch 78 discrimination task. Whilst this method allows demonstration of changes in the time 79 domain, EEG data are multidimensional; we can characterise it not just in the time 80 domain, but also in various facets of the frequency domain, including power, phase, 81 and ...

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“…Finally, we cannot rule out that a different design for electrical brain stimulation that controls for individual differences in brain and cognition (e.g., see Kanai and Rees, 2011;Seghier and Price, 2018) or uses transcranial alternating, instead of direct, current stimulation, tACS (see Harty and Cohen-Kadosh, 2019) is more likely to find causal relationships between DLPFC/VMPFC and the SPE. On this scenario, the present study is a further piece on the exploratory path to the standardization of protocols to achieve more reliable effects of electrical brain stimulation on cognition, and therefore, it may contribute to clarifying this puzzling pursuit by suggesting follow-up studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Involvement in the Self-Attention Network: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Parallel Group, Double-Blind, and Multichannel HD-tDCS Study

et al. 2020

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Background: Attention and perception are strongly biased toward information about oneself compared to information about others. The self-attention network, an integrative theoretical framework for understanding the self-prioritization effects (SPE), proposes that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) are the two nodes responsible for the preferential processing of selfrelated stimuli, which interact with the attentional control network (associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DLPFC), responsible for processing other-related stimuli. So far, neuroimaging studies have provided considerable correlational evidence supporting the self-attention network. Objective: Here we went beyond correlational evidence by manipulating cortical activity using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation method. We assessed whether anodal and cathodal stimulation of the VMPFC or the DLPFC modulates the processing of self-and other-related stimuli. Methods: We used an associative unbiased learning procedure, the so-called shape-label matching task, to assess the SPE in a sample of N = 90. We accomplished to overcome different methodological weaknesses of previous studies using different multichannel montages for excitatory and inhibitory effects over both the VMPFC and the DLPFC. Results: We found no effect of shape association for non-matching pairs, whereas there was an effect of shape association in the matching condition. Performance (reaction times and accuracy) was better for the self association than for the other two associations, and performance for the friend association was better than for the stranger

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Suboptimal Engagement of High-Level Cortical Regions Predicts Random-Noise-Related Gains in Sustained Attention

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Neural and Psychological Predictors of Cognitive Enhancement and Impairment from Neurostimulation

Neural and Psychological Predictors of Cognitive Enhancement and Impairment from Neurostimulation

How can noise alter neurophysiology in order to improve human behaviour? A combined tRNS and EEG study

Examining the Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Involvement in the Self-Attention Network: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Parallel Group, Double-Blind, and Multichannel HD-tDCS Study

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