Suboptimal Vitamin B Intakes of Zambian Preschool Children: Evaluation of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls

Titcomb, Tyler J.; Schmaelzle, Samantha; Nuss, Emily T.; Gregory, Jesse F.; Tanumihardjo, Sherry A.

doi:10.1177/0379572118760373

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Analysis of the 24-h dietary recalls indicated that women in this study had high prevalence of inadequate intakes for all B-vitamins. In earlier evaluations among children from eastern Zambia, 24-h food recall data [54,55] suggested risk for B-vitamin deficiencies due to high prevalence of inadequate intakes [56]. These evaluations were conducted on 3–5 year old children in 2010 [54] and 5–7 year old children in 2012 [55], allowing B-vitamin intake comparisons over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These evaluations were conducted on 3–5 year old children in 2010 [54] and 5–7 year old children in 2012 [55], allowing B-vitamin intake comparisons over time. Intake had increased overtime, but percent adequate intake never surpassed 40% [56]. The low intakes of B-vitamins in Zambian women and children are a concern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high coefficient of variation for vitamin A (291 ± 36.5%) was demonstrated among four groups of Zambian children administered 24-h recalls on Mondays for Sunday intakes [55]. Given the poor intake of B-vitamins in children [56] and reproductive age women in this study, a survey should be conducted to assess markers of B-vitamin deficiencies. Deficient vitamin B 6 serum concentrations were determined in the prior study in Zambian children [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Intake Patterns among Lactating and Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Zambia

et al. 2019

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Insufficient dietary intake, micronutrient deficiencies, and infection may result in malnutrition. In Zambia, an estimated 14% of women are vitamin A-deficient, ~50% are anemic, 10% are underweight, and 23% are overweight/obese. A cross-sectional survey determined food and nutrient intakes of randomly selected Zambian women (n = 530) of reproductive age (15–49 years). Dietary intake data were collected using interactive multiple-pass 24-h recalls. Carbohydrate, fat, protein, and selected micronutrient intakes were estimated. Prevalence of adequate intakes were determined using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method and comparisons between lactating and non-lactating women were made by two-sample t-tests. The response rate was 98.7%. Overweight/obesity occurred in 20.7% (95% confidence interval (CI: 17.2, 24.5)). Almost all micronutrient intakes were inadequate, with values between 22.3% and 99.9%. Mean iron intake was >EAR, and 8.2% of women tested (12/146, 95% CI: 4.1, 13.0) were anemic (hemoglobin <115 g/L). Calcium intake was higher in lactating than non-lactating women (p = 0.004), but all intakes need improvement. Vitamin intakes in rural Zambian women are inadequate, suggesting a need for health promotion messages to encourage intake of locally available micronutrient-dense foods as well as supplementation, fortification, and biofortification initiatives. Nutritional support is important because maternal nutrition directly impacts child health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Intake Patterns among Lactating and Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Zambia

et al. 2019

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“…Women of child‐bearing age in urban and rural Cambodia and in Vancouver, Canada, were found to have high prevalence of high activity coefficients of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (Whitfield et al., ), an indication of poor riboflavin status. Furthermore, riboflavin dietary intake assessment of Zambian children (Titcomb, Schmaelzle, Nuss, Gregory, & Tanumihardjo, ) and women of child‐bearing age (Kaliwile et al., ) were found to be inadequate in the majority of those evaluated. This is particularly alarming because breastfed children of riboflavin‐deficient mothers are at increased risk of deficiency due to reduced breastmilk concentrations (Allen, ).…”

Section: Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surveys in low‐income countries on availability in the food supply and dietary intake suggest that supply and intake are not adequate to maintain B 6 status. A majority of a cohort of rural Zambian children was found to have inadequate B 6 intakes in 2010 and 2012 (Titcomb et al., ), which correlated with low serum PLP, a functional biomarker of vitamin B 6 deficiency, in 79% of the 2012 cohort (Mondloch et al., ). Poor maternal vitamin B 6 status is associated with increased risk of orofacial clefts in newborn children (Munger et al., ).…”

Section: Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Concerns with B Vitamin Statuses: Biofortification, Fortification, Hidden Hunger, Interactions, and Toxicity

Titcomb

Tanumihardjo

2019

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The prevalence of undernutrition due to insufficient energy intake has been reduced by nearly 50% since 1990. This reduction is largely attributed to improved yields of staple crops, such as wheat, rice, and maize; however, these improvements did little for micronutrient deficiencies that affect an estimated two billion people worldwide. Starchy staple crops are energy dense but are often lacking in one or more B vitamins, making resource‐constrained people who consume monotonous diets comprised predominantly of these staples at risk for developing deficiency. B vitamin deficiencies occur due to a poor overall nondiversified diet and rarely occur alone. Many B vitamins are essential cofactors involved in the metabolism of other nutrients, including other B vitamins, whereby the deficiency of one B vitamin affects the metabolism and status measurements of another. Food fortification efforts have nearly eradicated diseases of extreme B vitamin deficiency, such as beriberi from thiamin deficiency and pellagra from niacin deficiency. However, subclinical deficiency, sometimes referred to as hidden hunger, is still common especially in low‐income countries. Most dietary B vitamins, due to their water‐soluble nature, are not a concern for excessive intakes, but synthetic forms used for fortification and supplements sometimes can have adverse effects when consumed in high amounts. Biofortified crops offer a long‐term sustainable method to increase the amount of dietary B vitamins for people who rely on staple crops for most of their caloric intake. Efforts have been made to improve B vitamin content of crops, especially for thiamin, vitamin B6, and folate, but none have undergone human feeding trials; therefore, more research is needed to provide sustainable and scalable solutions in many parts of the world.

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Women Empowerment in Addressing Food Security and Nutrition

Yila¹,

Sylla²

2019

Handbook of the Historiography of Biology

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Suboptimal Vitamin B Intakes of Zambian Preschool Children: Evaluation of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls

Abstract: All median vitamin B intakes were inadequate among these young children in rural Zambia. Future researchers and policy makers may need to consider B vitamin status in resource-poor areas of the country.

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Dietary Intake Patterns among Lactating and Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Zambia

Dietary Intake Patterns among Lactating and Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Zambia

Global Concerns with B Vitamin Statuses: Biofortification, Fortification, Hidden Hunger, Interactions, and Toxicity

Women Empowerment in Addressing Food Security and Nutrition

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