Suboxic to anoxic diagenesis of platform-marginal ooids and bladed-to-fibrous calcite from the Middle Ordovician Ottosee Formation (east Tennessee)

Tobin, Kenneth J.; Walker, Kenneth R.; Srinivasan, Krishnan; Steinhauff, D. Mark

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0155:stadop>2.3.co;2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…6g, h), and some echinoderms, bryozoans and brachiopods. Similar luminescence of finely laminated ooid cortices has been described by Wilkinson et al (1983), Chow and James (1987), Tobin et al (1996) and others.…”

Section: Cathodoluminescence and Trace Element Geochemistrysupporting

confidence: 57%

“…MnO in ooids we analyzed is generally below detection limits, but in some lamellae, it is slightly elevated. Localized reducing conditions necessary for manganese incorporation might occur in some micro environments in marine settings (e.g., Tobin et al 1996), but they are unlikely to be widespread in open, oxidizing waters where ooid grow th is most prolific (Major 1991). The carbonate mineral most susceptible to fabricpreserving alteration in meteoric water is magnesium calcite (Bathurst 1975), hence CL supports our contention that Bangor Limestone ooids and echinoderm remains were composed of this mineral.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A biodetrital coral mound complex: Key to early diagenetic processes in the Mississippian Bangor Limestone

Haywick

Kopaska-Merkel

Bersch

2009

Carbonates and Evaporites

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The Bangor Limestone is a Mississippian (Chesterian) shallow marine carbonate formation exposed over a large portion of the Interior Low Plateaus province of northern Alabama. It is dominated by oolitic grainstone and skeletal wackestone and packstone, but in one outcrop near Moulton, Alabama, the Bangor contains a five m thick, 25 m wide, oolite -biodetrital mound -tidal flat succession. This sequence is interpreted as a 4th order sea level cycle.Four petrofacies (oolite, mound, skeletal and mudstone/dolomicrite) and four diagenetic phases (iron oxide, fibrous calcite cement, calcite spar cement and dolomite) are distinguished at the study site. Iron oxide, a minor component, stained and/or coated some ooids, intraclasts and skeletal components in the oolite petrofacies. Many of the allochems were stained prior to secondary cortical growth suggesting a short period of subaerial exposure during oolite sedimentation. The oolite petrofacies also contains minor amounts of fibrous calcite cement, a first generation marine cement, and rare infiltrated micrite that might represent a second phase of marine cement, or a first phase of meteoric cement (i.e., "vadose silt") (Dunham 1969). Intergranular pore space in all four petrofacies is filled with up to three phases of meteoric calcite spar cement. The most complete record of meteoric cementation is preserved within coralline void spaces in the mound petrofacies and indicates precipitation in the following order: (1) non-ferroanscalenohedral spar, (2) ferro an drusy spar (0.1-0.4 wt% Fe 2 +) and (3) non-ferroan drusy spar. The first scalenohedral phase of meteoric cement is distributed throughout the oolite and mound petrofacies. The ferro an phase of meteoric.calcite is a void-filling cement that is abundant in the mound petrofacies and less common in the skeletal and mudstone/dolomicrite petrofacies. Non-ferroan drusy calcite is pervasive throughout the Bangor Limestone at the Moulton study site.Growth ofthe fourth diagenetic phase, dolomite, was the dominant event in the micrite/dolomicrite petrofacies, particularly just below an irregular surface overlain by a brecciated interval. The irregular surface is interpreted as an exposure surface. Three phases of dolomite occur below the exposure surface. The majorityis finely crystalline, anhedral, and enriched in Si 4 +, criteria which support a supratidal or mixed hypersaline\meteoric origin. Secondary phases of coarser euhedral non-ferroan and ferro an dolomite are restricted to fenestrae and other voids in the micrite/dolomicrite petrofacies and were precipitated during subsequent meteoric diagenesis, Diagenesis of the Bangor Limestone at the Moulton outcrop was dominated by synsedimentary and very early meteoric processes driven by periods of subaerial exposure. Large voids within the mound petrofacies were particularly important, as they remained open long enough to record a more detailed early meteoric cement stratigraphy that might not be evident in Bangor Limestone outcrops elsewhere in Alabama.

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Section: Cathodoluminescence and Trace Element Geochemistrysupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biodetrital coral mound complex: Key to early diagenetic processes in the Mississippian Bangor Limestone

Haywick

Kopaska-Merkel

Bersch

2009

Carbonates and Evaporites

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“…This paper is an addition contribution to the literature that indirectly infers microbial activity in ancient carbonate sequences (e.g. Hendry 1993;Tobin et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinoderm Stabilization Associated with a Paleokarst Surface at the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Boundary in Tennessee, U.S.A.

Tobin¹,

Driese²

2003

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Pennington Formation limestone deposits in Tennessee have echinoderm grains that exhibit spatial variations in minor element and stable isotopic compositions with respect to the paleokarst surface that defines the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian stratigraphic contact. Echinoderm grains immediately below the paleokarst surface have lower Mg and d 13 C values with higher Fe concentrations compared with grains meters below the paleokarst surface. Additionally, covariation of d 13 C and d 18 O values recorded from echinoderm grains is indicative of alteration of these allochems under meteoric conditions. Paleosols draping the paleokarst surface and coal seams, which were deposited immediately above the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian contact, provided ample organic matter that could have driven heterotrophic microbial activity. Additionally, the paleosols were an ample source of oxidized Fe that could have used as a terminal electron acceptor by an anaerobic microbial community. Therefore, we suggest that microbial iron reduction transferred Fe from the paleosol to meteoric diagenetic calcite during meteoric stabilization of echinoderm grains, which is supported by quantitative modeling of carbonate solubility (PHREEQC) and iterative modeling of diagenetic calcite minor element and stable isotopic compositions.

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Depositional and Diagenetic Environments of the Dhosa Oolite Member (Oxfordian), Kachchh Basin, India: Implications for the Origin and Occurrence of the Ooids and Their Correlation with the Global Fe-Oolite Peak

Ramkumar

Alberti

Fürsich

et al. 2012

On a Sustainable Future of the Earth's Natural Resources

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Suboxic to anoxic diagenesis of platform-marginal ooids and bladed-to-fibrous calcite from the Middle Ordovician Ottosee Formation (east Tennessee)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

A biodetrital coral mound complex: Key to early diagenetic processes in the Mississippian Bangor Limestone

A biodetrital coral mound complex: Key to early diagenetic processes in the Mississippian Bangor Limestone

Echinoderm Stabilization Associated with a Paleokarst Surface at the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Boundary in Tennessee, U.S.A.

Depositional and Diagenetic Environments of the Dhosa Oolite Member (Oxfordian), Kachchh Basin, India: Implications for the Origin and Occurrence of the Ooids and Their Correlation with the Global Fe-Oolite Peak

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