Subpopulations of Corticotrophs in the Sheep Pituitary during Late Gestation: Effects of Development and Placental Restriction

Farrand, Kirsten; McMillen, I. Caroline; Tanaka, Shigeyasu; Schwartz, Jeffrey

doi:10.1210/en.2005-1522

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Whether this variability of responses implies the existence of subpopulations of corticotrophs is unclear; electron microscopic observations have shown morphological differences in the corticotroph population, suggesting the existence of four different subtypes of corticotrophs (31), although functional correlates of these anatomical differences have not been described. At the molecular level, three subpopulations of corticotrophs have been identified in sheep fetuses in relationship to their gene expression signature after stress (32). It is not at present known whether these represent real subpopulations of cells of different origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Calcium Responses to Secretagogues in Corticotrophs From Male Rats

et al. 2017

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Heterogeneity in homotypic cellular responses is an important feature of many biological systems, and it has been shown to be prominent in most anterior pituitary hormonal cell types. In this study, we analyze heterogeneity in the responses to hypothalamic secretagogues in the corticotroph cell population of adult male rats. Using the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6s, we determined the intracellular calcium responses of these cells to corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine-vasopressin. Our experiments revealed marked population heterogeneity in the response to these peptides, in terms of amplitude and dynamics of the responses, as well as the sensitivity to different concentrations and duration of stimuli. However, repeated stimuli to the same cell produced remarkably consistent responses, indicating that these are deterministic on a cell-by-cell level. We also describe similar heterogeneity in the sensitivity of cells to inhibition by corticosterone. In summary, our results highlight a large degree of heterogeneity in the cellular mechanisms that govern corticotroph responses to their physiological stimuli; this could provide a mechanism to extend the dynamic range of the responses at the population level to allow adaptation to different physiological challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Calcium Responses to Secretagogues in Corticotrophs From Male Rats

et al. 2017

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“…Afterward, the sections underwent a photo-bleaching route at 50W halogen light for 24 h to reduce auto-fluorescence 3 . Following rehydration process in xylene and a series of ethanol, antigen retrieval was accomplished in Tris-HCl (0.1 M; pH-6.6) for 10 min at 121°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mammals, a gush in HPAA is present and that induces the increase in plasma cortisol concentration before parturition 2 . This was evidenced by subpopulation of ACTH, POMC and CRHR 1 in sheep fetal pituitary gland 3 . During third trimester of sheep, RIAs has acknowledged a boost of fetal blood ACTH 1–39 exclusive of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenic development of corticotrophs in fetal buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pituitary gland

et al. 2014

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To evaluate the subpopulation of corticotrophs in developing buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) fetus, pituitary glands were recovered (n=6 per group) from late first, second and third gestational female buffalo dams. The corticotrophs were identified by using specific antibodies against proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) through immunohistochemistry. There was a significant (P≤0.05) increase of immunoreactive (ir) ir-ACTH cells during late 2nd trimester while, ir-POMC cells were more (P≤0.05) at late 3rd trimester of gestation as compared to other age groups. The quantity of co-localized cells for POMC and ACTH was significantly (P≤0.05) greater at the end of 1st gestation rather than 2nd and 3rd gestational fetal adenohypophyseal cells. This study is the first to demonstrate co-localization of POMC+ACTH and the affect of gestational age on the expression of these cells in buffalo fetus adenohypophysis.

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“…In mammals, cortisol promotes the adaptation of various physiological conditions, including pregnancy, delivery, onset of lactation, and maturation of fetal systems and organs (Farrand et al 2006, Ousey 2006, Montillo et al 2014. Cortisol affects multiple metabolic systems, including the use of glucose and fat and protein catabolism, and stimulates changes in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (Yamada et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neonatal vitality and blood glucose, lactate and cortisol concentrations in foals of the Paint Horse breed

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-[Avaliação dos padrões de vitalidade neonatal, glicemia, lactato e cortisol em potros da raça PaintHorse.] A avaliação clínica dos recém-nascidos, bem como a definição da conduta terapêutica adotada representam expressivos desafios ao Médico Veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a vitalidade neonatal pelo escore de Apgar modificado, glicemia, lactatemia e cortisol em neonatos equinos. Para tal, foram utilizados 20 potros da raça Paint Horse, nascidos em eutocia, durante as primeiras 48 horas de vida. O escore de Apgar modificado foi realizado ao nascimento e 10 minutos após, atribuindo-se notas de 0 a 10. As colheitas das amostras de sangue, para a realização das análises laboratoriais, ocorreram nos momentos ao nascimento, 4, 8, 12, 20 16, 20, 24, 36 Clinical evaluations of newborns, as well as defining the therapeutic decision, represent significant challenges to the veterinarian. This study aimed to evaluate neonatal vitality using the modified Apgar score and blood glucose, lactate, and cortisol concentrations in newborn equines. Twenty foals of the Paint Horse breed born by normal delivery were evaluated during the first 48 hours of life. The modified Apgar score was determined at birth and 10 minutes later, with values ranging from 0 to 10. Blood samples for the laboratory tests were collected at birth and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, and 48 hours. The mean Apgar score was significantly lower at birth than at 10 minutes (p < 0.001). Blood glucose concentrations increased significantly between birth (98.90 ± 35.97 mg/dL) and 8 hours (127.90 ± 27.15 mg/dL), stabilizing after the first 12 hours (148.95 ± 29.59 mg/dL). Serum lactate concentrations showed a significant decrease across the time points tested, with the highest value occurring at birth (5.48 ± 2.17 mmol/L) and stabilizing after 24 hours (2.76 ± 1.31 mmol/L). Cortisol concentrations significantly decreased (p < 0.01) between 4 (10.46 ± 7.46 µg/dL) and 48 hours (5.21 ± 3.35 µg/dL), with the highest value occurring 4 hours after birth. The common occurrence of laboratory abnormalities in healthy newborn foals reinforces the need to conduct regular clinical examinations and to develop laboratory reference values for different breeds and ages.INDEX TERMS: Neonate equine, apgar score, lactatemia, glycemia, neonatal stress.

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Subpopulations of Corticotrophs in the Sheep Pituitary during Late Gestation: Effects of Development and Placental Restriction

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Heterogeneity of Calcium Responses to Secretagogues in Corticotrophs From Male Rats

Heterogeneity of Calcium Responses to Secretagogues in Corticotrophs From Male Rats

Ontogenic development of corticotrophs in fetal buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pituitary gland

Evaluation of neonatal vitality and blood glucose, lactate and cortisol concentrations in foals of the Paint Horse breed

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