Subretinal electrical stimulation of the rabbit retina with acutely implanted electrode arrays

Gekeler, Florian; Kobuch, Karin; Schwahn, Hartmut; Stett, Alfred; Shinoda, Kei; Zrenner, Eberhart

doi:10.1007/s00417-004-0862-6

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In vivo retinal electrical stimulation experiments were also performed by several research groups in the rabbits. For subretinal stimulation, Gekeler et al obtained an average charge density threshold of 50 μC/cm 2 [49] and that of Schwahn et al's study was about 70 μC/cm 2 [50]. For epiretinal stimulation, Humayun et al obtained a charge density threshold of 8.92 μC/cm 2 for normal rabbits and 11.9 μC/cm 2 for rabbit retinas with outer retinal degenerations [51].…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Micro-electronic based visual prostheses hold great promise for the treatment of such diseases [26]. Since a large percentage of the inner retinal neurons remain intact in patients with RP or AMD [16,21,22,39], many research efforts have been made to develop retinal stimulation based visual prostheses [3,6,7,14,20,24,25,32,33,37,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Some preliminary clinical success has been reported by several groups [4,13,15,34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Intraorbital optic nerve stimulation with penetrating electrodes: in vivo electrophysiology study in rabbits

Cao

Sun

et al. 2008

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intraorbital optic nerve stimulation with penetrating electrodes: in vivo electrophysiology study in rabbits

Cao

Sun

et al. 2008

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…The concern for damage from chronic stimulation necessitates a detailed investigation of the damage thresholds. Several groups have investigated damage levels and mechanisms in various systems, including the cortex [10], heart [11], and to a much smaller degree, the retina [12], [13]. However, these studies have investigated only a very narrow set of parameters and have evaluated damage subjectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Damage by Pulsed Electrical Stimulation

Butterwick

Vankov

Huie

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

122

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Abstract-Repeated pulsed electrical stimulation is used in a multitude of neural interfaces; damage resulting from such stimulation was studied as a function of pulse duration, electrode size, and number of pulses using a fluorescent assay on chick chorioallontoic membrane (CAM) in vivo and chick retina in vitro. Data from the chick model were verified by repeating some measurements on porcine retina in-vitro. The electrode size varied from 100 m to 1 mm, pulse duration from 6 s to 6 ms, and the number of pulses from 1 to 7500. The threshold current density for damage was independent of electrode size for diameters greater than 300 m, and scaled as 1 2 for electrodes smaller than 200 m. Damage threshold decreased with the number of pulses, dropping by a factor of 14 on the CAM and 7 on the retina as the number of pulses increased from 1 to 50, and remained constant for a higher numbers of pulses. The damage threshold current density on large electrodes scaled with pulse duration as approximately 1 0 5 , characteristic of electroporation. The threshold current density for repeated exposure on the retina varied between 0.061 A/cm 2 at 6 ms to 1.3 A/cm 2 at 6 s. The highest ratio of the damage threshold to the stimulation threshold in retinal ganglion cells occurred at pulse durations near chronaxie-around 1.3 ms.

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“…The species involved include rats (n=6) [26,29,76,80,81,96], rabbits (n=14) [33,36,42,72,73,90,94,95,102,103,105,106,116,121], cats (n=18) [18, 19, 21-23, 30, 32, 43, 78, 79, 82, 93, 98, 99, 101, 114, 117, 120], dogs (n=4) [16,39,40,66], sheep (n=1) [51] and pigs/minipigs (n=9) [34,42,49,59,69,91,92,100,102]. Two papers [16,26] which involved three animal species do not figure in Table 2 due to lack of space, but are discussed in the review.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of in vivo animal studies in retinal prosthesis research

Bertschinger¹,

Beknazar²,

Silva

et al. 2008

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Background The development of a functional retinal prosthesis for acquired blindness is a great challenge. Rapid progress in the field over the last 15 years would not have been possible without extensive animal experimentation pertaining to device design and fabrication, biocompatibility, stimulation parameters and functional responses. This paper presents an overview of in vivo animal research related to retinal prosthetics, and aims to summarize the relevant studies. Methods A Pubmed search of the English language literature was performed. The key search terms were: retinal implant, retinal prosthesis, artificial vision, rat, rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, pig, minipig. In addition a manual search was performed based on references quoted in the articles retrieved through Pubmed. Results We identified 50 articles relevant to in vivo animal experimentation directly related to the development of a retinal implant. The highest number of publications related to the cat (n=18). Conclusion The contribution of animal models to the development of retinal prosthetic devices has been enormous, and has led to human feasibility studies. Grey areas remain regarding long-term tissue-implant interactions, biomaterials, prosthesis design and neural adaptation. Animals will continue to play a key role in this rapidly evolving field.

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Subretinal electrical stimulation of the rabbit retina with acutely implanted electrode arrays

Abstract: The study demonstrates the feasibility of the transchoroidal surgical access to place subretinal implants in rabbit eyes and provides proof of successful cortical activation following subretinal electrical stimulation by an electrode array envisioned for human implantations.

Cited by 76 publications

References 38 publications

Intraorbital optic nerve stimulation with penetrating electrodes: in vivo electrophysiology study in rabbits

Intraorbital optic nerve stimulation with penetrating electrodes: in vivo electrophysiology study in rabbits

Tissue Damage by Pulsed Electrical Stimulation

A review of in vivo animal studies in retinal prosthesis research

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