Subsecond detection of guanosine using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry

Cryan, Michael T.; Ross, Ashley E.

doi:10.1039/c8an01547c

Cited by 40 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This is followed by a secondary oxidation step which yields an unstable product. 41 The corresponding oxidation peaks can be found at 1.15 V for the primary peak and at 0.65 V for the secondary peak, respectively (both on the forward scan) as shown in the literature. 45 Meanwhile, adenosine’s molecular oxidation involves three oxidation steps with total exchanges of six electrons and six protons, yielding a dicarbonium ion as an intermediate ( Scheme 2 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“… 40 With FSCV, it is more facile to detect purines (adenosine and guanosine) than pyrimidines (cytidine and thymine) due to their higher oxidative electrochemical activity. However, conventional triangular waveforms produce overlapping peaks for adenosine and guanosine, 25 , 41 − 43 thus making it challenging to codetect these analytes simultaneously using FSCV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Detection of DNA and RNA on Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

et al. 2021

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DNA and RNA have been measured with many techniques but often with relatively long analysis times. In this study, we utilize fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) for the subsecond codetection of adenine, guanine, and cytosine, first as free nucleosides, and then within custom synthesized oligos, plasmid DNA, and RNA from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Previous studies have shown the detection of adenosine and guanosine with FSCV with high spatiotemporal resolution, while we have extended the assay to include cytidine and adenine, guanine, and cytosine in RNA and single- and double-stranded DNA (ssDNA and dSDNA). We find that FSCV testing has a higher sensitivity and yields higher peak oxidative currents when detecting shorter oligonucleotides and ssDNA samples at equivalent nucleobase concentrations. This is consistent with an electrostatic repulsion from negatively charged oxide groups on the surface of the carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME), the negative holding potential, and the negatively charged phosphate backbone. Moreover, as opposed to dsDNA, ssDNA nucleobases are not hydrogen-bonded to one another and thus are free to adsorb onto the surface of the carbon electrode. We also demonstrate that the simultaneous determination of nucleobases is not masked even in biologically complex serum samples. This is the first report demonstrating that FSCV, when used with CFMEs, is able to codetect nucleobases when polymerized into DNA or RNA and could potentially pave the way for future uses in clinical, diagnostic, or research applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Detection of DNA and RNA on Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

et al. 2021

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“…FSCV at carbon‐fiber microelectrodes is an electrochemical technique that allows subsecond detection of neurochemical signaling molecules in tissue. It has been extensively used to study dopamine (DA) (Miles, Mundorf, & Wightman, 2002; Stamford, Kruk, & Millar, 1988), norepinephrine (NE) (Park, Takmakov, & Wightman, 2011), epinephrine (Karin et al, 1994), 5‐HT (Abdalla et al., 2017), adenosine (Lee et al 2018), and guanosine (Cryan et al 2019a; 2019b) signaling in the brain. It has also been used to monitor catecholamine signaling in live murine adrenal glands (Petrovic, Walsh, Thornley, Miller, & Wightman, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsecond spontaneous catecholamine release in mesenteric lymph node ex vivo

Lim

Regan

Ross

2020

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Measuring the dynamics of neurochemical‐regulated immunity, particularly in the gut, has been a growing interest over the last several years because of its important implications in gastrointestinal inflammation, neurodegeneration, and even depression. Sympathetic noradrenergic nerves innervate the gastrointestinal tract and resident immune organs, including the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches. Previous research has suggested that neuronal inputs in the MLN release norepinephrine (NE) at neural‐immune synapses to regulate immune function. The current immunological techniques do not have the appropriate temporal or spatial resolution to monitor this dynamic process in real‐time, within specific regions of intact lymphoid organs. Monitoring dynamic neural signaling within intact immune organs, in real‐time, would facilitate a deeper understanding of neuroimmune communication and would allow the mechanism of rapid immunomodulation to be elucidated. Here, we overcome this technological barrier by coupling real‐time neurochemical detection using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in live MLN slices from C57BL/6 mice. We have discovered rapid, spontaneous catecholamine transients in the T‐cell zone of the MLN which are on the order of a few hundred nanomolar, rapid (a few seconds), and frequent (every 20‐s). We demonstrate that the β2‐adrenergic receptor and the classic catecholamine transporters (DAT and NET) play a minor role in transient regulation in the MLN suggesting that regulation at the neural‐immune synapse is quite complicated and further mechanistic studies are needed. Overall, these findings provide direct evidence for rapid neurochemical events in the MLN which could have a major impact on our understanding of neurochemical‐regulated immunomodulation in the gut.

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“…190 In a similar approach, the same group developed a novel waveform for detection of the neuromodulator guanosine. 191 Their optimized approach was selective for guanosine over adenosine because two oxidation events were observed for guanosine at +0.8 V and +1.3 V. This method was successfully applied to measuring exogenously applied guanosine in tissue slice preparations. 191…”

Section: Other Neurochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: towards measuring neurotransmitters as chemical diagnostics for brain disorders

Buchanan

Witt

et al. 2019

Anal. Methods

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Subsecond detection of guanosine using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry

Abstract: We present the first electrochemical characterization of guanosine, a purinergic neuromodulator and neuroprotector, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes.

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

Direct Detection of DNA and RNA on Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Direct Detection of DNA and RNA on Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Subsecond spontaneous catecholamine release in mesenteric lymph node ex vivo

Frontiers in electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: towards measuring neurotransmitters as chemical diagnostics for brain disorders

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