Subsistence ecology and carrying capacity in two Papua New Guinea populations

Ohtsuka, Ryutaro

doi:10.1017/s0021932000021477

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is reported that the carrying capacity of sago is not very high in PNG (Ohtsuka 1994) and that sago cannot support the human population, especially if population pressures increase significantly. On the contrary, it is argued that sago palm has a very high starch production potential, and higher than the other crops, such as cassava, sweet potatoes, and potatoes.…”

Section: Sago Use As Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life and Livelihood in Sago-Growing Areas

Toyoda

2018

Sago Palm

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This chapter describes how people in sago-growing areas are involved with sago, especially in those areas where local people consume sago starch as their staple food, and also describes the cultural and social aspects of sago usage in these areas. Sago is claimed to be one of the oldest crops, and it was the staple foods in large areas of Southeast Asia and Oceania, together with taro and yam, before rice largely replaced these crops. In some areas in Southeast Asia and Oceania, sago is still the staple food, and the sago palm is used not only as a food source but also for various purposes, such as thatching materials. In these areas, sago plays various kinds of social roles as well as being a food. In other areas, such as some places in Malaysia and Indonesia, commercialization of sago starch is practiced, and the starch is processed industrially in factories. Since sago is one of the older crops, it is related to many aspects of people's lives in the sago-growing areas. Having a large number of folk varieties in these areas indicates that sago has a close relationship with people's interests and that it is deeply involved with people's lives. These are shown in mythology, rituals, feasts, and many other human activities. 3

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Section: Sago Use As Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life and Livelihood in Sago-Growing Areas

Toyoda

2018

Sago Palm

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“…Studies in Papua New Guinea have shown the utility of reconstructing patterns of population increases over a period of one century using genealogical information [23]. Historical demographic processes have significant impacts on the social institutions that embed indigenous common property regimes such as CST.…”

Section: Sea Tenurementioning

confidence: 99%

Socioecological Approaches for Combining Ecosystem-Based and Customary Management in Oceania

Aswani

2011

Journal of Marine Biology

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This paper summarizes various integrated methodological approaches for studying Customary Management for the purpose of designing hybrid CM-Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) systems in Oceania. Using marine conservation in the Western Solomon Islands as an example, the paper illustrates various interdisciplinary human ecological methods that can assist in designing hybrid conservation programs. The study of human-environmental interactions from a socio-ecological perspective allows us to discern people's understanding of their immediate environment, differential forms of local resource governance and use (e.g., sea tenure and foraging strategies), and existing conflicts between various stakeholders, among other social and ecological factors. More generally, the paper shows how coupled studies of natural and social processes can foster management regimes that are more adaptive and effective and that move toward holistic, ecosystem-based marine conservation in the Pacific Island region.

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“…In contrast, in large parts of CNG, people practised a virtual monoculture dominated by taro. 10 Their gardening regimes involved shorter cycles of shifting cultivation with a series of plantings being made throughout the year, providing gardens at various stages of maturity (Ohtsuka 1994). Over the last four or five decades, however, there has been an increasing reliance on sweet potato which, unlike taro, matures within a single year, thrives above 1,500 metres, can grow on lower valley slopes and floors that have poor soils unsuitable for taro, and provides excellent pig fodder (Eggertsson 2003: 19-22;Hyndman & Morren 1990;Jones 1980: 11-6;Kuchikura 1990;Morren 1986: 90-100, Poole 1976.…”

Section: The Languages Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Access to land for gardening or hunting and gathering determined the position of the settlement. All settlements had a defined territory with land dedicated to horticulture and to hunting and the gathering of wild resources (Huber 1980: 45;Morren 1986: 249;Ohtsuka 1994). There were significant ecological constraints determining settlement size, most importantly the nature of rainforest soil, which is usually exhausted after a year of cropping.…”

Section: Settlement Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Spatial Relationships between Material Culture and Language in the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea

Fyfe

2009

Oceania

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New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse region in the world. Over 1,000 languages are found there. Unsurprisingly, controversy exists concerning the degree to which this diversity has been shaped by migration or interaction. At the centre of this controversy is the putative origin and migration path of Austronesian speakers. The advent of Lapita ceramic ware in Melanesia around 3,000 years ago is seen by some as important evidence for their arrival; nevertheless the validity of using Lapita as a marker for Austronesian populations remains in question. The Upper Sepik is one of New Guinea's most linguistically heterogeneous regions. Because it is not marked by far-reaching exchange systems the region's language and material culture distributions provide potential for exploring such issues. This paper discusses these in the context of an analysis of important ethnographic collections from the region. It is shown that when material culture is assessed technologically and stylistically it is easier to determine an effect for important variables such as language and distance. Additionally, it is demonstrated that as men and women often have different levels of mobility and sociality, classes of material culture belonging to each may differentially reflect important socio-historical processes.

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Subsistence ecology and carrying capacity in two Papua New Guinea populations

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Life and Livelihood in Sago-Growing Areas

Life and Livelihood in Sago-Growing Areas

Socioecological Approaches for Combining Ecosystem-Based and Customary Management in Oceania

Exploring Spatial Relationships between Material Culture and Language in the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea

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