Substance Abuse and Employment Among Welfare Mothers: From Welfare to Work and Back Again?

Schmidt, Laura A.; Zabkiewicz, Denise; Jacobs, Laurie; Wiley, James N.

doi:10.1080/10826080701409644

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…28 More information on the data can be found in prior published studies. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The Welfare Client Longitudinal Survey (WCLS) study was approved by institutional review boards at the University of California San Francisco and the Public Health Institute.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the Effects of Poverty and Social Support on Health: A 5-Year Longitudinal Test of the Stress-Buffering Hypothesis

2012

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Prior research in the general population has found that social support can buffer the adverse effects of stressors on health. However, both stressors and social support may be qualitatively different for those living in urban poverty. We examined the effects of social support and poverty-specific stressors on self-rated health. We used data from the Welfare Client Longitudinal Survey (WCLS), a 5-year longitudinal study of 718 public aid recipients. We measured received social support and "net social support," defined as the difference between support received and that given to others. We used restricted cubic splines to model the stress-buffering effects of social support on self-rated health as a function of stressful life events and neighborhood disorder. Increased exposure to stressors was associated with poorer self-rated health. Evidence of stress buffering was confined to those with the heaviest exposure to stressors, and its effects decreased across increasing levels of social support. Analyses using net social support had generally more modest effects than those using received social support. Social support does not buffer the effects of stressors on health uniformly for individuals living in conditions of urban poverty. Researchers and policymakers should be cautious in overestimating the beneficial effects that social support may have on health for marginalized populations.

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Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the Effects of Poverty and Social Support on Health: A 5-Year Longitudinal Test of the Stress-Buffering Hypothesis

2012

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“…Throughout, we use sample weights to equalize uneven probabilities of selection due to survey design, non-response and attrition. For more details on methodology, see prior WCLS publications (e.g., Lown et al, 2006; Schmidt et al, 2007; Schmidt et al, 2002; Schmidt et al, 2006). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Declining Health Status of Welfare Caseloads: Emerging Dilemmas for Serving the Poor

Schmidt

Zabkiewicz

Henderson

et al. 2011

Social Work in Public Health

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An emerging concern for public policy is welfare reform’s potential to inadvertently affect caseload composition by increasing the proportion of recipients with health-related barriers to employment. We examine this using data from the Welfare Client Longitudinal Study, an in-depth case study of a large California county. Through quantitative analyses, we examine the extent of change in health-related problems since welfare reform and their potential to progressively impact overall composition of the caseload. We augment this with qualitative data on how local welfare providers are responding to the health-related needs of aid recipients. Results suggest that the burden of health-related problems is growing and that welfare providers may be poorly equipped to respond effectively on their own. The changing composition of welfare caseloads may foster several new policy dilemmas that demand broader attention: states and localities may face difficulties meeting federal workforce participation requirements, may need to restructure welfare-to-work programs to serve a more functionally impaired population, and take steps to better integrate health and welfare services at the local level.

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“…Numerous studies have consistently documented that employment prevents drug use relapse and criminal recidivism (Freudenberg, Daniels, & Crum, 2005;O'Connell, 2003;Siegal, Li, & Rapp, 2002;Sung, 2001;Uggen, 2000). The failure to find employment forces substance users to go on and off the welfare and criminal justice systems (Chandler, Meisel, & Jordan, 2004;Morgenstern, Hogue, Dasaro, Kuerbis, & Dauber, 2008;Schmidt, Zabkiewicz, Jacobs, & Wiley, 2007); as a matter of fact, longitudinal evidence is that the exclusion from legitimate employment is most recalcitrant among chronic substance users (McCoy, Comerford, & Metsch, 2007). Individuals with long histories of drug and alcohol use and a low trajectory of earned income often display behaviors and attitudes that diminish their competitiveness in the labor market (Carpenedo et al, 2007;Sung, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Impact of Substance User Treatment Participation on Legal Employment and Income Among Probationers and Parolees

Sung

Chu

2011

Substance Use & Misuse

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Employment is essential for recovery. But treatment could conflict with work schedules, and employment gains could be short lived. This study examined how employment and income varied during and after treatment, what aspects of treatment impacted on employment, and whether treatment improved income. Baseline and follow-up data were analyzed for 760 probationers and parolees in 11 US cities that participated in the 1992-1995 Drug Abuse Treatment Outcomes Study. Results showed that only residential/inpatient treatment was associated, temporarily, with employment. Retention, compliance, and self-efficacy were correlated to posttreatment employment. However, treatment had no impact on income, which was determined by education and work history.

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Substance Abuse and Employment Among Welfare Mothers: From Welfare to Work and Back Again?

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Reconsidering the Effects of Poverty and Social Support on Health: A 5-Year Longitudinal Test of the Stress-Buffering Hypothesis

Reconsidering the Effects of Poverty and Social Support on Health: A 5-Year Longitudinal Test of the Stress-Buffering Hypothesis

On the Declining Health Status of Welfare Caseloads: Emerging Dilemmas for Serving the Poor

The Impact of Substance User Treatment Participation on Legal Employment and Income Among Probationers and Parolees

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