Substance Abuse Treatment Utilization, HIV Risk Behaviors, and Recruitment Among Suburban Injection Drug Users in Long Island, New York

Watson, Carol-Ann; Weng, Charlene Xuelin; French, Tyler; Anderson, Bridget J.; Nemeth, Chris; McNutt, Louise‐Anne; Smith, Lou

doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0512-2

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Using LCA, 4 risk classes were identified, each comprising approximately a quarter of the sample: low risk (low on all risk indicators), high injection/low sexual risk (high conditional probabilities for injection risk and low conditional probabilities for sexual risk), low injection/high sexual risk (low conditional probabilities for injection risk and high probabilities for sexual risk), and high risk (high conditional probabilities on all injection and sexual risk indicators). The latent class groups were substantively similar to those found in prior studies among urban PWID, wherein low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups were identified. The proportion of PWID considered “high risk,” however, was lower in this study than previous urban LCA studies, which may be a function of slightly different risk indicators and possible geographic and cultural differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Latent class analysis (LCA) is a statistical method which aims to identify subgroups within a population that share similar profiles on a set of observed indicators . Prior research among PWID that employed LCA suggests gradations of risk based on injection and sexual risk practices, with most studies finding a low‐risk group consisting of individuals who have low probabilities of engaging in injection and sexual risk behavior, a high‐risk group consisting of individuals who have high probabilities of engaging in both injection and sexual risk behaviors, and at least 1 additional group that does not fit this pattern . Much of this research has applied LCA to understanding risk subtypes among large urban samples, and additional research is needed to examine whether or not profiles found in existing research can be replicated for other PWID populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latent Risk Subtypes Based on Injection and Sexual Behavior Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Puerto Rico

Hautala

Abadie

Thrash

et al. 2017

The Journal of Rural Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Risk Subtypes Based on Injection and Sexual Behavior Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Puerto Rico

Hautala

Abadie

Thrash

et al. 2017

The Journal of Rural Health

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“…Monitoring the Future, which conducts high school drug use surveys [7], has reported increases in heroin and pharmaceutical opioid use over the past two decades, but these may be low-end prevalence estimates since the reporting of stigmatized behaviors like hard drug use are likely to be under-reported. Despite statistical evidence for these trends, we could identify only three recently published quantitative studies on factors associated with suburban drug use, and two of the three focused on teenagers [8–10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Injection Risk and Community Disadvantage Among Suburban Injection Drug Users in Southwestern Connecticut, USA

et al. 2013

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Increases in drug abuse, injection, and opioid overdoses in suburban communities led us to study injectors residing in suburban communities in southwestern Connecticut, US. We sought to understand the influence of residence on risk and injection-associated diseases. Injectors were recruited by respondent-driven sampling and interviewed about sociodemographics, somatic and mental health, injection risk, and interactions with healthcare, harm reduction, substance abuse treatment, and criminal justice systems. HIV, hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) serological testing was also conducted. Our sample was consistent in geographic distribution and age to the general population and to the patterns of heroin-associated overdose deaths in the suburban towns. High rates of interaction with drug abuse treatment and criminal justice systems contrasted with scant use of harm reduction services. The only factors associated with both dependent variables—residence in less disadvantaged census tracts and more injection risk—were younger age and injecting in one’s own residence. This contrasts with the common association among urban injectors of injection-associated risk behaviors and residence in disadvantaged communities. Poor social support and moderate/severe depression were associated with risky injection practices (but not residence in specific classes of census tracts), suggesting that a region-wide dual diagnosis approach to the expansion of harm reduction services could be effective at reducing the negative consequences of injection drug use.

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“…37 LCA does not assume linearity, normality, and homogeneity of variances as opposed to the traditional methods. 38 LCA has been extensively used to identify underlying profiles alcohol and substance abuse 26,27,39,40 and HIV risk behavior studies 25,28,41 . Similar to these studies, our study also utilized LCA to analyze the spectrum of HIV risk behaviors for identifying groups of individuals who share similar HIV risk characteristics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Class Analysis of HIV Risk Behaviors Among Russian Women at Risk for Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies

et al. 2017

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The number of HIV cases attributed to heterosexual contact and the proportion of women among HIV positive individuals has increased worldwide. Russia is a country with the highest rates of newly diagnosed HIV infections in the region, and the infection spreads beyond traditional risk groups. While young women are affected disproportionately, knowledge of HIV risk behaviors in women in the general population remains limited. The objectives of this study were to identify patterns of behaviors that place women of childbearing age at high risk for HIV transmission and determine whether socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol use are predictive of the risk pattern. A total of 708 non-pregnant women, aged between 18–44 years, who were at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) were enrolled in two regions in Russia. Participants completed a structured interview focused on HIV risk behaviors, including risky sexual behavior and alcohol and drug use. Latent class analysis was utilized to examine associations between HIV risk and other demographic and alcohol use characteristics and to identify patterns of risk among women. Three classes were identified. 34.93% of participants were at high risk, combining their risk behaviors, e.g., having multiple sexual partners, with high partner's risk associated with partner's drug use (class I). Despite reporting self-perceived risk for HIV/STI, this class of participants was unlikely to utilize adequate protection (i.e., condom use). The second high risk class included 13.19% of participants who combined their risky sexual behaviors, i.e., multiple sexual partners and having STDs, with partner's risk that included partner's imprisonment and partner's sex with other women (class II). Participants in this class were likely to utilize protection/condoms. Finally, 51.88% of participants were at lower risk, which was associated primarily with their partners' risk, and these participants utilized protection (class III). The odds of being in class I compared with class III were 3.3 (95% CI: [1.06, 10.38]) times higher for those women who had Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores ≥8 than those who had lower scores, and were 3.9 (95% CI: [1.69, 8.97]) times higher for those who used alcohol before sex than those who did not. In addition, women who drank more days per week were 1.36 times more likely to be in class II than in class III. The study informs prevention by identifying specific population groups and targets for interventions. Alcohol use is a significant predictor and an overarching factor of HIV risk in women. Since at-risk drinking is common among young Russian women, alcohol risk reduction should be an essential component of HIV prevention efforts.

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Substance Abuse Treatment Utilization, HIV Risk Behaviors, and Recruitment Among Suburban Injection Drug Users in Long Island, New York

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Latent Risk Subtypes Based on Injection and Sexual Behavior Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Puerto Rico

Latent Risk Subtypes Based on Injection and Sexual Behavior Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Puerto Rico

Associations Between Injection Risk and Community Disadvantage Among Suburban Injection Drug Users in Southwestern Connecticut, USA

Latent Class Analysis of HIV Risk Behaviors Among Russian Women at Risk for Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies

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