Substance-Dependent Professional Drivers in Iran: A Descriptive Study

Narenjiha, Hooman; Rafiey, Hassan; Jahani, Mohammad Reza; Assari, Shervin; Moharamzad, Yashar; Roshanpazooh, Mohsen

doi:10.1080/15389580902849017

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The same finding has been reported among professional drivers. Based on a recent national study, opioids (46.8%) and heroin (27.6%) were the two most common drugs used by Iranian professional drivers (56). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rate was <1% among professional drivers who used drugs in Iran (56). Based on some, but not all reports, alcohol is not a commonly used substance in Iran (57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Education campaigns should also use public and mass media for education of the public. Strict regulations for issuing and renewing driver’s licenses may also lower rates of drugged driving and prevent fatalities associated with road traffic accidents (56). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug Use among Iranian Drivers Involved in Fatal Car Accidents

et al. 2014

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Background: Although the problem of substance use among drivers is not limited to certain parts of the world, most epidemiological reports on this topic have been published from industrial world.Aim: To investigate pattern of drug use among Iranian drivers who were involved in fatal road accidents.Methods: This study enrolled 51 Iranian adults who were involved in fatal vehicle accidents and were imprisoned thereafter. Data came from a national survey of drug abuse that was done among Iranian prisoners. The survey collected data at the entry to seven prisons in different regions of the country during a 4-month period in 2008. Self-reported lifetime, last year, and last month drug use was measured. Commercial substance screening tests were applied to detect recent substance use (opioids, cannabinoids, methamphetamines, and benzodiazepines).Results: The commercial substance screening test showed three distinct patterns of recent illicit drug use: opioids (37.3%), cannabinoids (2.0%), opioids and cannabinoids (13.7%). 29.4% were also positive for benzodiazepines. The substance use screening test detected 23.5% of participants who had used drugs but did not disclose any substance use.Conclusion: Opioids are the most common illicit drugs being used by Iranian drivers who are involved in fatal car accidents. The high rate of substance use prior to fatal car accidents in Iran advocates for the need for drug use control policies and programs as major strategies for injury prevention in Iran. There is also a need for substance screening among all drivers involved in fatal car accidents in Iran, as more than 20% of users may not disclose substance use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rate was <1% among professional drivers who used drugs in Iran (56). Based on some, but not all reports, alcohol is not a commonly used substance in Iran (57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug Use among Iranian Drivers Involved in Fatal Car Accidents

et al. 2014

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“…According to a national epidemiologic study conducted by Ministry of Health, there are more than 1.2 million opioid dependents in the country (2). A more recent study estimated the number of drug dependents by indirect methods at 1.2 million that most of them were opioid users (3). A rapid change in opiate use patterns during recent years from opium to heroin and from smoking to injection has made the opioid dependence epidemic more problematic (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Mindfulness-Based Group Therapy With Treatment as Usual for Opioid Dependents

Imani¹,

Vahid²,

Gharaee³

et al. 2015

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background:In response to high burden of opioid abuse in Iran, Ministry of Health has launched a large-scale opioid maintenance treatment program, delivered through a network of certified drug treatment centers. To promote opioid pharmacotherapies, there is an urgent need to develop and introduce evidence-based psychosocial interventions into the network. Patients and Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to investigate feasibility and effectiveness of adding mindfulness-based group therapy to opioid pharmacotherapies as compared to opioid pharmacotherapies alone. The primary outcomes were treatment retention and percentage of weekly morphine, methamphetamine, and benzodiazepine negative tests. Discussion: This is the first RCT that explores the effectiveness of mindfulness-based relapse prevention group therapy among opioid dependent clients in Iran. The feasibility of group therapy and comparison of outcomes in intervention and control groups should be discussed in the outcome article.

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“…Therefore, the opiate addiction is considered a major health problem in Iran. 1 During recent years, different medical treatments have been used in hospitals and outpatient clinics to detoxify patients addicted to opioids. One of these methods that has significantly gained attention is ultra-rapid opiate detoxification (UROD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ultra-Rapid Opiate Detoxification on Withdrawal Syndrome

Safari

Mottaghi

Malek

et al. 2010

Journal of Addictive Diseases

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The aim of study was determine the effect of ultra-rapid opiate detoxification (UROD) on the presence or absence of withdrawal syndrome in a group of patients with opiate dependency. In this study, withdrawal syndrome of 173 patients with opiate addiction was evaluated before and after UROD using the Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale. Hence, each patient was observed for 5 minutes before UROD and at different hours afterward to observe any withdrawal sign. The most prevalent withdrawal sign before UROD was anxiety. Restlessness was the most prevalent finding at 1, 3, and 6 hours. After 12 hours, yawning was reported as the most prevalent finding in 39 participants. Anxiety was reported as the most prevalent finding in 61 participants after 24 hours. Patients with opioid dependency who underwent UROD showed the highest rate of withdrawal symptoms at one hour after anesthesia. Most of these symptoms subsided after 24 hours. UROD can be applied for detoxification of patients with opioid dependency with safety.

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Substance-Dependent Professional Drivers in Iran: A Descriptive Study

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Drug Use among Iranian Drivers Involved in Fatal Car Accidents

Drug Use among Iranian Drivers Involved in Fatal Car Accidents

Comparing Mindfulness-Based Group Therapy With Treatment as Usual for Opioid Dependents

Effect of Ultra-Rapid Opiate Detoxification on Withdrawal Syndrome

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