Substance flow analysis and mineral policy: The case of potash in Thailand

Sakamornsnguan, Kridtaya; Kretschmann, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.exis.2016.03.002

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The greater the degree of a node, the more significant the node's role in the network. As shown in Eq (2),…”

Section: Topological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potassium is mainly used in the production of potash fertilizers, which are widely used in agriculture and is a critical strategic resource to ensure food safety production and supply. Due to the sharp increase in demand and the scarcity of resources, potassium has been defined as a critical metal by many countries such as China, the United States, Thailand, and Brazil [1][2][3][4]. However, the supply of potassium is mainly concentrated in North America, Belarus, and Russia, while consumption is concentrated in countries such as China, Brazil, and India [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper has two contributions: (1) the study is the first to focus on the evolving characteristics of the global trade pattern of potassium salt, providing support for government policymakers to formulate potassium trade policies in different economies. (2) This study identifies the major economies and their roles in international trade in potassium salt. This study expects to provide decision support for building a globally stable and efficient potassium salt supply by analyzing the evolution characteristics of the global potassium salt trade pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncovering the endogenous features of potassium salts’ global transfer: A complex network perspective

Zhang,

Zhang

2024

PLoS ONE

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Potassium is a decisive strategic resource to ensure food safety production and supply, which many nations define as a critical metal. Due to the unbalanced distribution of resources and production capacity and the separation of the primary potassium-consuming and supplying countries, international trade is the main supply channel for potassium-consuming countries to acquire enough resources. Understanding the characteristics of potassium trade networks and the evolution of trade patterns is essential for supply security. To explore this issue, this paper employs the complex network theory to quantitatively analyze the evolution characteristics of the global potassium trade network (PTN) from 2000 to 2021. The results show (1) Overall, the potassium trade shows a trend of gradual prosperity, efficiency, and concentration; (2) During the two decades, the main exporting countries of potassium remained stable, while imports changed significantly; (3) The evolution of the potassium trade community has characterized the fragmentation-regionalization-high concentration over time; (4) The trade flow of PTN is unbalanced, and few countries show outstanding capabilities but a single function. These findings would help trade policymakers manage the supply of strategic raw materials more effectively.

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“…The greater the degree of a node, the more significant the node's role in the network. As shown in Eq (2),…”

Section: Topological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncovering the endogenous features of potassium salts’ global transfer: A complex network perspective

Zhang,

Zhang

2024

PLoS ONE

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“…1) (Al Rawashdeh, 2020). Potassium is recognized as a strategic and critical resource by several countries, including China, Brazil, Thailand, and the United States (Chen et al, 2018;Sipert et al, 2020;Sakamornsnguan and Kretschmann, 2016;Yager, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on liquefaction effect of potassium dissolution extraction from low-grade solid potash ore in Qarhan Salt Lake, northern of Tibetan Plateau

Song,

Hu,

et al. 2024

Carbonates Evaporites

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China, being the world's largest consumer of potassium fertilizer, faces signi cant challenges due to limited potassium reserves. Qarhan Salt Lake stands out as a reservoir containing 296 million tons of low-grade solid potash ore (KCl), establishing itself as the premier potassium fertilizer production base in China. The extraction of low-grade solid potash ore via liquefaction technology, leading to the generation of potassium-rich brine, emerges as a pivotal strategy for sustainable potash exploitation in the region. This approach offers a promising solution to mitigate the potassium salt shortage in China. This paper systematically examines the transformation in KCl content of solid potash ore within the Bieletan section of Qarhan Salt Lake before (2007) and after liquefaction (2022). The study employs quantitative assessments to determine liquefaction volume and e ciency. Results reveal that, at a shallow depth of 23.20m, the average KCl content of solid potash ore decreases from 2.15% before liquefaction to 1.00% after liquefaction. This observed decrease of 1.15% (53% reduction) underscores the substantial impact of liquefaction. A total of 136.94 million tons of KCl are dissolved, providing a sustainable resource for approximately 15 years or more. During the initial stages of liquefaction (2007)(2008), a rapid decline in the KCl content of solid potash ore is noted, with liquefaction e ciency signi cantly in uenced by the positioning of the brine mining channel. As liquefaction progresses, e ciency diminishes, although the overall e ciency surpasses that of the Huobuxun section at the eastern extremity of Qarhan Salt Lake. This study holds signi cant implications for re ning the solid potash liquefaction mining strategy in Qarhan Salt Lake, providing valuable guidance for future optimization efforts.

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“…and potassium salt is the most important mineral raw material for potassium fertilizer [1]. Several countries have classi ed potassium as a strategic and vital resource, such as China [2], Brazil [3], Thailand [4], the United States [5], etc. Despite having 18% of the world's population, China possesses only 8% of the world's total arable land [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical characteristics and processes for groundwater in salt lake area: a case of Bieletan in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Gu,

Shi,

Duan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Bieletan area is located in the middle of the Qaidam Basin on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and its potash resources are abundant, accounting for more than half of the entire Qarhan Salt Lake. To explore the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Bieletan area and to understand the hydrogeochemical processes that happened during groundwater migration. The hydrogeochemical impacts of Senie Lake water and groundwater in the Bieletan area are determined using correlation analysis, the ion proportionality coefficient, and hydrogeochemical modeling in this research. Through the qualitative and quantitative investigation of the hydrochemical properties and the hydrogeochemical process, the results demonstrate that the groundwater is of Cl-Mg and Cl-Na types, whereas the surface water is of Cl-Na type. The findings of hydrogeochemical simulations suggest that the key hydrogeochemical processes are evaporation, water-rock interaction, and cation exchange.

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Substance flow analysis and mineral policy: The case of potash in Thailand

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Uncovering the endogenous features of potassium salts’ global transfer: A complex network perspective

Uncovering the endogenous features of potassium salts’ global transfer: A complex network perspective

Evaluation on liquefaction effect of potassium dissolution extraction from low-grade solid potash ore in Qarhan Salt Lake, northern of Tibetan Plateau

Hydrochemical characteristics and processes for groundwater in salt lake area: a case of Bieletan in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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